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Results for “Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada”

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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
USGS1975

Dieldrin in the diet of channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ): uptake and effect on growth

Fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were given diets containing 0, 0.4, 0.8, or 4.0 I?g dieldrin/g of food (dry weight) for 210 days, followed by a dieldrin-free diet for 56 days. Catfish receiving 4.0 I?g dieldrin/g food gained about 17% less weight than the control fish in 210 days and about 35% less weight during the last 126 days of the 210-day period. No growth differences were attributable to the ingestion of 0.4 or 0.8 I?g dieldrin/g of feed. Mortality during the experiment was random and not appreciable. Dieldrin accumulations were characterized by an immediate rapid rise of residue levels in the tissues, followed by a period during which concentrations were relatively stable. Residues in tissues decreased rapidly after dieldrin was withdrawn from the diet. Dieldrin half-life was 9.6 days (mean for the three groups). Theoretical residue concentrations calculated from the growth, feeding, and half-life data were similar to the empirical concentrations, although the theoretical values were consistently the higher. The recoverable concentration accounted for 25.7% (mean of the three treatments) of the theoretical concentration.

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada↗
USGS1975

Fluorescent antibody identification and detection of the Corynebacterium causing kidney disease of salmonids

An indirect fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) has been developed for serological identification, diagnosis of kidney disease (KD), and detection of subclinical infections of KD. Rabbit or goat antikidney disease serum and appropriately labeled immunoglobulin was found to be specific for the KD bacterium. The technique was superior to examination of gram-stained smears for detection of small numbers of KD bacteria. The test requires approximately 2 h.

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada↗
USGS1975

Book Review: The benthos of lakes

No abstract available. Review info: The benthos of lakes. By Ralph O. Brinkhurst, 1974. ISBN: 978-1930665705, 190 pp.

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada↗
USGS1976

Temperature tolerance of young-of-the-year lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis

The ultimate upper lethal temperature of young-of-the-year lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis , was 26.65 C; this value is closely similar to that reported for yearling bloaters, Coregonus hoyi (26.75 C) and young-of-the-year lake herring, Coregonus artedii (26.0 C).

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada↗
USGS1976

Prevention and control of viral diseases of salmonids

Three viral diseases of salmonids are of worldwide concern: infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), and infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN). Six principal approaches are being used to prevent or control these diseases: 1) preventing contact o the pathogen with the host, 2) environmental manipulation, 3) immunization, 4) chemotherapy, 5 selective breeding for disease resistance, and 6) reducing stress conditions which augment disease conditions. Preventing the introduction of a pathogen into a new stock of fish has been accomplished mainly by implementing stringent laws to prevent transport of infected fish into uninfected areas. Stocks of fish already infected are sometimes destroyed, and the hatchery is disinfected and restocked with fish free of specific pathogens. Environmental manipulation (elevated water temperature) has been successfully used to control IHN. Chemotherapeutics such as povidone-iodine for IPN and benzipyrene for IHN show promise of controlling mortalities; however, the practicality of using these drugs to eliminate the carrier fish has not been evaluated. Salmonids are capable of developing immune responses to viruses; however, development of effective vaccines, selective breeding for disease resistance, and identification of stress conditions which augment disease are still in the experimental phase.

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada↗
USGS1976

Antimycin: Uptake, distribution, and elimination in brown bullheads (Ictalurus nebulosus)

Radioactive antimycin was readily taken up in bile and tissues of brown bullheads ( Ictalurus nebulosus ) exposed to 0.045 μg/ml of 14 C-antimycin for as long as 48 h. Bile contained the most and blood the least radioactivity at all sampling periods. The highest concentration of 14 C-antimycin in muscle was 0.12 μg/g, after 12 h of exposure. The average amount of 14 C-antimycin per fish was 0.94 μg/g. The 14 C-antimycin concentration decreased with the elapse of time in the muscle and in samples of combined head, skin, and viscera. The concentration of l4 C-antimycin in the exposure solution decreased from 0.045 μg/ml to 0.015 μg/ml after 12 h and 0.010 μg/ml after 48 h. The initial half-life of 14 C-antimycin in the exposure solution was about 6.5 h. A second group of fish was exposed to 0.045 μg/ml of l4 C-antimycin for 48 h and then transferred to antimycin-free, flowing water for up to 96 h. The 14 C-activity decreased in muscle tissue from 0.11 μg/g to 0.05 μg/g in 96 h. Half-life of 14 C-antimycin was about 75 h in muscle and 61 h in the combined head, skin, and viscera.

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada↗
USGS1976

Female homogamety in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) determined by gynogenesis

Gynogenesis occurred in eggs of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) treated with X-irradiated milt from goldfish ( Carassius auratus ). Gynogenetic offspring were females, which indicates functional female homogamety in grass carp. Five of these gynogenetic fish were used as an egg source for a second generation of artificially gynogenetic fish. The percentage yield in this second generation was about the same as in the first, which suggests that the tendency to become diploid is not strongly heritable.

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada↗
USGS1976

Inbreeding in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Effects of inbreeding on rainbow trout ( Salmo gairdneri ) were evaluated by a comparison of differences between inbred and outbred half-sib families reared as contemporaries during the 1st yr of life. Attention was focused on two levels of inbreeding expressed as inbreeding coefficients: F = 0.25, one generation of brother–sister matings, and F = 0.375, two generations of brother–sister matings. Although inbreeding at the F = 0.25 level in fall-spawning populations had no effect on egg hatchability, it significantly increased the frequency of crippled fry by 37.6% and significantly decreased feed conversion efficiency (5.6%), fry survival to 147 days (14.6%), and growth rate to 147 days (6%) and 364 days (23.2%). Effects of inbreeding at F = 0.375 were more pronounced; significant differences included increased frequency of crippled fry (191.5%) and decreased feed conversion efficiency (14.9%), fry survival to 147 days (29.7%), and growth rate to 147 day s (13.4%) and 364 days (33.5%). Application of the total effects of inbreeding on the number of fish remaining and the weight of fish remaining in a production lot at 1 yr of age indicated losses of 17.4 and 36.6% after one generation (F = 0.25) and 47.9 and 65.4% after two generations (F = 0.375) of brother–sister mating. Similar studies on a spring-spawning population produced similar results. General breeding methods that minimize the rate of inbreeding accumulation are discussed.

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada↗
USGS1976

Glomerular mesangial fibrosis in hatchery-reared rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Light and electron microscopic studies were performed on tissues of hatchery-reared rainbow trout ( Salmo gairdneri ) having a disease of currently unknown etiology with external symptoms of severe edema which causes increased mortality rate. Comparison with unaffected trout tissues revealed loss of cellularity in glomerular tufts with a replacement of mesangial cells by connective tissue. Ultrastructural studies showed the material to be collagen and established the diagnosis of glomerular mesangial fibrosis. The glomerular lesion was associated with alterations in lining epithelium of proximal tubules and extensive debris within tubule lumens. The findings are compared to glomerular lesions in mammalian and amphibian kidney.

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada↗
USGS1976

Physiological response of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to handling and crowding stress in intensive fish culture

Moving 4–5-in. coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) held in soft (20 ppm CaCO 3 ) water from the relatively light loading density of 0.5 lb/ft 3 to 1, 2, or 4 lb/ft 3 (density index, DI = 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8) caused significant stress as indicated by loss of feeding behavior, but only minimal physiological disturbances, as indicated by lack of hyperglycemia or hypochloremia. However, moving them to 6 or 12 lb/ft 3 (DI = 1.2, 2.4) caused significant physiological stress which required at least a week for recovery. Smolting coho salmon were physiologically stressed by population densities of 1 lb/ft 3 or more and a subclinical corynebacterial kidney infection was activated. Rainbow trout ( Salmo gairdneri ) (4–5 in.) were physiologically stressed when moved and held at 1 lb/ft 3 or more but retained normal feeding behavior. This indicates that handling and crowding stress will be minimized in softwater areas if densities in fish distribution trucks or in ponds or raceways during disease treatments are held to 0.1–0.5 lb/gal.

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada↗
USGS1977

Genetic differences in growth and survival of juvenile hatchery and wild steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri

Relative growth and survival of offspring from matings of hatchery and wild Deschutes River (Oregon) summer steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri , were measured to determine if hatchery fish differ genetically from wild fish in traits that can affect the stock–recruitment relationship of wild populations. Sections of four natural streams and a hatchery pond were each stocked with genetically marked (lactate dehydrogenase genotypes) eyed eggs or unfed swim-up fry from each of three matings: hatchery × hatchery (HH), hatchery × wild (HW), and wild × wild (WW). In streams, WW fish had the highest survival and HW fish the highest growth rates when significant differences were found; in the hatchery pond, HH fish had the highest survival and growth rates. The hatchery fish were genetically different from wild fish and when they interbreed with wild fish may reduce the number of smolts produced. Hatchery procedures can be modified to reduce the genetic differences between hatchery and wild fish.

Oregon↗
USGS1977

Immunization of pacific salmon: comparison of intraperitoneal injection and hyperosmotic infiltration of Vibrio anguillarum and Aeromonas salmonicida bacterins

Two methods of immunizing fish, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and hyperosmotic infiltration, were compared for control of vibriosis and furunculosis in pen-reared coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) and chinook salmon ( O . tshawytscha ). Both methods provided significant protection against vibriosis under field test conditions. In coho salmon, hyperosmotic infiltration provided the best protection and fastest rise in antibody titer of seven treatments tested. In chinook salmon, hyperosmotic infiltration of Vibrio anguillarum and Aeromonas salmonicida vaccines resulted in 83.3% survival in comparison with 28.7% survival in controls. Both i.p. injection and hyperosmotic infiltration of V . anguillarum and A . salmonicida bacterins resulted in production of serum antibodies specific for each respective pathogen. Vaccination with bivalent V . anguillarum – A . salmonicida vaccines produced antibodies to both pathogens, and provided protection against vibriosis. Growth rates of vaccinated coho salmon were not significantly different from controls.

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada↗
USGS1977

Survival of two bacterial fish pathogens (Aeromonas salmonicida and the Enteric Redmouth Bacterium) in ozonated, chlorinated, and untreated waters

Ozone and chlorine inactivation curves were determined in three water types at 20 °C for the destruction of the fish pathogens Aeromonas salmonicida , the etiologic agent of furunculosis, and the enteric redmouth bacterium (ERM). In phosphate-buffered distilled water, 0.01 mg/ℓ ozone inactivated 10 3 cells/ml of ERM and A . salmonicida in 1/2 and 10 min, respectively. Chlorine at this concentration had little effect on either pathogen and a residual of at least 0.05 mg/ℓ was needed to achieve a complete kill within a 10-min contact time. In soft lake water (30 mg/ℓ as CaCO 3 ) a chlorine residual of 0.1 mg/ℓ rapidly inactivated A . salmonicida and ERM but in hard water (120 mg/ℓ) A . salmonicida was more resistant and 0.2 mg/ℓ chlorine was required. Ozonation of the two lake waters at 90 mg O 3 ∙h −1 ∙ℓ −1 (equivalent to a 0.01 mg/ℓ residual in ozone demand-free water) was required to destroy both pathogens within 10 min.In untreated soft lake water 10 3 cells/ml of A . salmonicida survived only 2 days, while the ERM bacterium (10 3 cells/ml) survived even after 20 day s in soft and hard untreated lake waters.

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada↗
USGS1977

Establishment of white perch, Morone americana , in Lake Erie

White perch, Morone americana, was first reported in Lake Erie in 1953. No further reports of capture were recorded until 1973, when one fish was taken. Three other captures were confirmed in 1974, and 34 in 1975. All but 3 of the 38 specimens were taken in the warm, shallow western basin and the extreme eastern end of the central basin. The widespread distribution and the sizable numbers of specimens collected in 1975 strongly indicate that this nonendemic species has become established in Lake Erie.

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada↗
USGS1977

Changes in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) populations of Lake Michigan, 1954-75

In the early and mid-1960s the abundance of yellow perch ( Perca flavescens ) in Lake Michigan declined abruptly. The decline began in the northern part of the lake and spread progressively southward. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the nonnative alewife ( Alosa pseudoharengus ), by interfering with perch reproduction, was the primary cause of the decline. The alewife was first reported in northeastern Lake Michigan in 1949, and had become extremely abundant throughout the lake before an enormous die-off in 1967 reduced its numbers by an estimated 70%. An intensive fishery hastened the decline of perch. In most areas the decline was immediately preceded by a period of conspicuously high commercial production. This high production appears to have been related in part to increased growth rates of perch resulting from much lower density of younger fish. A sport fishery for perch in shallow water collapsed a few years before the species declined in abundance. The most logical explanation is that heavy concentrations of alewives physically displaced the perch from nearshore areas. Although perch populations increased in some areas in the 1970s, a full recovery is unlikely unless alewife numbers are further reduced.

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada↗
USGS1977

Tests for association of transferrin and lactate dehydrogenase phenotypes with weight gain in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Transferrin (Tf) phenotype was associated with weight gain in 147- and 230-day-old rainbow trout, but no association was found between lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) phenotype and weight gain. A total of 2038 progeny were examined from two different environments. Progeny lots were reared at densities below those known to affect mean fish weights. Differential survival among progeny with respect to their Tf of LDH phenotype was not detected.

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada↗