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In August, 1942, the International Board of Inquiry for the Great Lakes Fisheries submitted its report to the governments of the United States and States and Canada. The report, which culminated a two-year investigation, recommended a common or joint agency of control for the fisheries through an international treaty.
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The major purpose of this publication is to present an annotated bibliography of papers resulting from Federal investigations on the Great Lakes fish and fisheries since the formal initiation of a continuing research program by the Fish and Wildlife Service. It is believed that this purpose can be served best by prefacing that bibliography with a brief account of the origins of Great Lakes Fishery Investigations, of the circumstances that have guided their course, and of the scientists who have participated in the several studies.
Self-reporting bias in sport fisheries of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in Idaho was quantified by comparing observed and angler-reported data. A total of 164 observed anglers fished for 541 h and caught 74 Chinook Salmon. Fifty-eight fish were harvested and 16 were released. Anglers reported fishing for 604 h, an overestimate of 63 h. Anglers reported catching 66 fish; four less harvested and four less released fish were reported than observed. A Monte Carlo simulation revealed that when angler-reported data were used, total catch was underestimated by 14–15 fish (19–20%) using the ratio-of-means estimator to calculate mean catch rate. Negative bias was reduced to six fish (8%) when the means-of-ratio estimator was used. Multiple linear regression models to predict reporting bias in time fished had poor predictive value. However, actual time fished and a categorical covariate indicating whether the angler fished continuously during their fishing trip were two variables that were present in all of the top a priori models evaluated. Underreporting of catch and overreporting of time fished by anglers present challenges when managing Chinook Salmon sport fisheries. However, confidence intervals were near target levels and using more liberal definitions of angling when estimating effort in creel surveys may decrease sensitivity to bias in angler-reported data.
The annotated bibliography is preceded by a brief account of the Federal research program in fisheries and limnology in the Great Lakes in 1957-64. The bibliography covers 314 papers by staff members of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory in Ann Arbor, Mich., and 35 by associated scientists with whom the Laboratory had contractual or other cooperative arrangements; included also are patents issued to Laboratory personnel. A roster of Laboratory scientists as of December 31, 1964, is appended.
Development of the salmon resources of the lower Columbia River Basin appears as sound insurance against the threat of a serious reduction in the runs to the upper river areas through the multiple-purpose programs of water development now under way by the Corps of Engineers, the Bureau of Reclamation, and private interests. Any comprehensive plan for the full development of the fisheries resources in the lower Columbia Basin must be predicated upon accurate knowledge of the waters therein polluted to a degree affecting fish life. Pollution surveys have been made in the lower Columbia Basin at various times in the past -- the most intensive studies having been made in the Willamette Valley.
Experimental sea lamprey control by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries on Lake Superior streams provided many new distributional records of the fish fauna. Seventy-one species were recorded from 175 streams. Specimens were collected at the electromechanical barriers, with electric shockers, with fyke nets, and during chemical treatment of streams. Maps showing stream records of each species are presented.
A historical account traces the development of the commercial fisheries of the Red Lakes, Minnesota, from its inception in 1917 as a war measure through 1938. The trends of production and catch per unit of effort were followed for the principal species with notes on statistics of the minor fishes. Life history data were recorded for the walleye and yellow perch. A historical account was presented of the artificial propagation of the walleye and whitefish from 1918 through 1938.
A portable resistivity (or conductivity) meter is easily used in fishery investigations to obtain rapid and precise measurements of the electrical resistance (or conductance) of waters. These measurements can be used to estimate the total dissolved solids content of waters, to facilitate the selection of appropriate gear for efficient electrofishing, and to determine the velocity, stretch-out, dilution, and effective range of a solute over miles of a stream in conjunction with chemical reclamation operations. Applications of resistivity measurements on Appalachian streams are discussed.
Potential commercial fish production was estimated for U.S. waters of western Lake Erie in 1969 from pounds landed and pounds discarded. Periodic observations of catches in haul seines and trap nets revealed that about 37% of the catch (by weight) in haul seines and 26% of that in trap nets were low-value fishes that were discarded. Projection of these discarded catches to include the total fishing effort indicated that an additional 2.8 million lb of low-value species would have been landed in 1969 if a reasonable profit had been assured. It is concluded that the sustained yield could be increased considerably with only a moderate increase in fishing effort.
Populations of brook trout in streams of Shenandoah National Park were reduced drastically early in the past decade by a succession of unusually severe droughts and floods. The drying of stream beds, predation, and scouring were principal factors in the loss of fish. The park was closed to fishing in 1954 and 1955 to protect survivors. The small numbers of survivors quickly repopulated the streams after drought conditions abated. The stocking of hatchery-reared fingerling trout in selected waters failed to augment the recovery of populations. Survival and growth of young, wild trout were especially good. Their redistribution through miles of previously dry streams was rapid. The park was opened again to fishing in 1956 under regulations which restrict the take but afford an increase in sporting opportunity. Two streams were placed under fishing-for-fun-only regulations in 1961. The welfare of the trout populations is dependent mostly on the weather cycle . Fish may be abundant in wet years but very scarc e in dry ones. Thus, the stream must be managed a s marginal for trout.