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USGS1995

Deep tunnel detection using crosshole radar tomography

As part of continuing research aimed at the detection of subsurface tunnels and voids, the U.S. Bureau of Mines recently completed a cooperative study with the U.S. Geological Survey at a surface gold mine in the Black Hills mining district of South Dakota. The occurrence of older, poorly mapped mine workings in the section create a consistent health and safety concern for mine employees as well as economic concerns about potential damage to equipment during daily operations at the mine. Accurate knowledge regarding the location of these abandoned tunnels prior to interception by the current mining operation would be beneficial. Previous research efforts on site have demonstrated the suitability of several surface geophysical technologies in detecting shallow workings which present an immediate problem in the safe conduct of the mine operation. Another concern is the existence of deeper abandoned mine tunnels, which occur further in advance of the surface mining operation. In the design and development of a new mine pit, the placement of access roads over a tunnel would be hazardous, due to the volume of traffic and the weight these haulage trucks can carry. In this study we evaluate cross borehole radar tomography methods which might be used to image mine openings in the deep subsurface, and lead to more prudent placement of pit haulage roadways. A pulsed radar system was used to collect both velocity and amplitude information about local rock conditions, and multiple borehole data allowed for the use of 3-D imaging techniques.

South Dakota↗

USGS1954

Geology and uranium deposits of the Caribou area, Boulder County, Colorado

Pitchblende was discovered in the Caribou mine, Boulder County. Colo., in 1948 by Consolidated Caribou Silver Mines, incorporated during the reopening of the 1040-level. Since 1948, a small quantity of pitchblende has been produced from the Radium vein during exploratory work that was done under contract with the Atomic Energy Commission. The Caribou mine, primarily a silver mine, develops five veins (Caribou. No Name, Poorman, Sherman and Silver Dollar) that were formerly worked as separate mines. Three other veins, the Radium, Elmer, and Nelson, are exposed in the Caribou mine only at and below the 920-level. The general geology of the Caribou area, known since 1869 as a silver district, has been discussed by Bastin and Hill (1917) and more recently by Lovering and Goddard (1950). In 1937 a detailed study of the petrography of the Caribou stock was made by Smith (1938). In 1948 and 1949, R.U. King (1950) of the U. S., Geological Survey examined the Caribou mine to evaluate the uranium deposit. In 1950, D.M. Sheridan and E.N. Hinrichs of the U. S. Geological Survey made a radioactivity reconnaissance of the mine dumps at Caribou and vicinity. This reconnaissance included examination of most of the accessible workings of the Caribou mine. Other reports on the area are listed in the bibliography. As a result of King’s preliminary examination and the later exploration for uranium on the property, the U.S. Geological Survey in 1951 began a detailed investigation of the Caribou area on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the Atomic Energy Commission, the principal purpose of which was to evaluate the uranium occurrences in the area. The study was begun by E. P. Kaiser and W. S., Cavender, who established a triangulation net, using a base line in Caribou Park for horizontal control and a U.S. Geological Survey bench mark on the top of Caribou Hill for vertical control. Upon the assignment of Kaiser to another project in August 1951 the investigation was continued until November 1951, by F.B. Moore and W. S. Cavender. During the study of the district the writers prepared a geologic map at a scale of 1 inch to 100 feet of an area of about one square mile. The mapped area includes most of the mines in the Caribou district and embraces the eastern half of Caribou Hill and adjacent areas to the east and north. In addition, all accessible underground workings were mapped at a scale of 1 inch to 40 feet. The writers wish to acknowledge the cooperation of the staff of the Consolidated Caribou Silver Mines incorporated, who made the Caribou mine available for examination at all times and who furnished maps and suggestions that were of great assistance. Mr. A.E. Blakesley, owner of the Comstock mine, was also most cooperative in making possible the examination of his mine. Thanks are due Dr., E.E. Wahlstrom of the University of Colorado and to the Boulder Daily Camera for the use of their files containing information on the Caribou mine. To S. Lovering of the U.S. Geological Survey made many valuable suggestions on the identification of alteration products in thin section.

Colorado↗

USGS1974

Selected U.S. Bureau of Mines reports on Alaska indexed by quadrangle

Most U.S. Bureau of Mines reports on the geology and mineral resources of Alaska that were published or placed in open files through April 30, 1974, are listed by the quadrangles (scale 1:250,000) into which Alaska has been divided for topographic mapping (p. 2). References to reports that deal with Alaska as a whole and cannot be readily assigned to individual quadrangles or deal with many scattered parts of the state are listed under ALASKA - GENERAL, which appears before the alphabetically arranged quadrangle listings. References to the Minerals Yearbook, published annually, are not included as this periodical contains mainly statistical data. Also omitted are reports on mining, milling, and metallurgical practices; compilations of coal, oil, and gas analyses unless data on geological occurrences are also given; and reports on permissible explosives, health, and safety. This index is the second in a planned series of specialized lists, arranged by quadrangle, that will facilitate library research on the geology and mineral resources of Alaska. The first in the series is "Geological Survey open-file reports on Alaska indexed by quadrangle," by Edward H. Cobb, which was released as open-file report 74-7 on May 16, 1974.

Alaska↗

USGS1995

Industrial minerals of the Midcontinent: Proceedings of the Midcontinent industrial minerals workshop

The Midcontinent Industrial Minerals Workshop, in St. Louis, Missouri, September 16-17, 1991, was the fourth U.S. Geological Survey-sponsored meeting on the essential role of industrial rocks and minerals in the Nation's social and economic framework. The meeting was organized, supported, and the agenda was determined by a group from the USGS, the U.S. Bureau of Mines, and the State geological surveys of Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Nebraska, and Oklahoma, with early assistance in planning from the Iowa and Tennessee surveys. As the major industrial rocks and minerals used in the nine-State area of the Midcontinent are construction materials, the Workshop focused on sand and gravel and limestone-dolomite resources and the extraction industry for those materials. Because active audience participation was considered vital, representatives from industry, universities, geological surveys, planning groups, regulatory agencies, and State legislatures were invited. The audience consisted of 87 attendees out of 120 invited participants (no legislators attended).

Bulletin↗

USGS2007

Tectonic setting and metallogenesis of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in the Bonnifield Mining District, Northern Alaska Range: Chapter B in Recent U.S. Geological Survey studies in the Tintina Gold Province, Alaska, United States, and Yukon, Canada--results of a 5-year project

This paper summarizes the results of field and laboratory investigations, including whole-rock geochemistry and radiogenic isotopes, of outcrop and drill core samples from volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits and associated metaigneous rocks in the Wood River area of the Bonnifield mining district, northern Alaska Range (see fig. 1 of Editors’ Preface and Overview). U-Pb zircon igneous crystallization ages from felsic rocks indicate a prolonged period of Late Devonian to Early Mississippian (373±3 to 357±4 million years before present, or Ma) magmatism. This magmatism occurred in a basinal setting along the ancient Pacific margin of North America. The siliceous and carbonaceous compositions of metasedimentary rocks, Precambrian model ages based on U-Pb dating of zircon and neodymium ages, and for some units, radiogenic neodymium isotopic compositions and whole-rock trace-element ratios similar to those of continental crust are evidence for this setting. Red Mountain (also known as Dry Creek) and WTF, two of the largest VMS deposits, are hosted in peralkaline metarhyolite of the Mystic Creek Member of the Totatlanika Schist. The Mystic Creek Member is distinctive in having high concentrations of high-field-strength elements (HFSE) and rare-earth elements (REE), indicative of formation in a within-plate (extensional) setting. Mystic Creek metarhyolite is associated with alkalic, within-plate basalt of the Chute Creek Member; neodymium isotopic data indicate an enriched mantle component for both members of this bimodal (rhyolite-basalt) suite. Anderson Mountain, the other significant VMS deposit, is hosted by the Wood River assemblage. Metaigneous rocks in the Wood River assemblage span a wide compositional range, including andesitic rocks, which are characteristic of arc volcanism. Our data suggest that the Mystic Creek Member likely formed in an extensional, back-arc basin that was associated with an outboard continental-margin volcanic arc that included rocks of the Wood River assemblage. We suggest that elevated HFSE and REE trace-element contents of metavolcanic rocks, whose major-element composition may have been altered, are an important prospecting tool for rocks of VMS deposit potential in east-central Alaska.

Alaska;Yukon↗

USGS1989

Mineral resources of the Mount Tipton Wilderness Study Area, Mohave County, Arizona

The Mount Tipton Wilderness Study Area (AZ-020-012/ 042) comprises 33,950 acres in Mohave County, Ariz. At the request of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, this area was evaluated for identified mineral resources (known) and mineral resource potential (undiscovered). This work was carried out by the U.S. Bureau of Mines and the U.S. Geological Survey in 1984-87. In this report, the area studied is referred to as the "wilderness study area" or simply "the study area." There are no identified mineral resources in the study area. The southernmost part of the study area is adjacent to the Wallapai (Chloride) mining district and has low mineral resource potential for gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, and molybdenum in hydrothermal veins. This area also has a low mineral resource potential for tungsten in vein deposits and for uranium in vein deposits or pegmatites. In the central part of the wilderness study area, one small area has low mineral resource potential for uranium in vein deposits or pegmatites and another small area has low resource potential for thorium in vein deposits. The entire study area has low resource potential for geothermal energy but no potential for oil or gas resources.

Arizona↗

USGS2004

Macroscopic and microscopic observations of particle-facilitated mercury transport from New Idria and Sulphur Bank mercury mine tailings

Mercury (Hg) release from inoperative Hg mines in the California Coast Range has been documented, but little is known about the release and transport mechanisms. In this study, tailings from Hg mines located in different geologic settings-New Idria (NI), a Si-carbonate Hg deposit, and Sulphur Bank (SB), a hot-spring Hg deposit-were characterized, and particle release from these wastes was studied in column experiments to (1) investigate the mechanisms of Hg release from NI and SB mine wastes, (2) determine the speciation of particle-bound Hg released from the mine wastes, and (3) determine the effect of calcinations on Hg release processes. The physical and chemical properties of tailings and the colloids released from them were determined using chemical analyses, selective chemical extractions, XRD, SEM, TEM, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques. The total Hg concentration in tailings increased with decreasing particle size in NI and SB calcines (roasted ore), but reached a maximum at an intermediate particle size in the SB waste rock (unroasted ore). Hg in the tailings exists predominantly as low-solubility HgS (cinnabar and metacinnabar), with NI calcines having >50% HgS, SB calcines having >89% HgS, and SB waste rock having ???100% HgS. Leaching experiments with a high-ionic-strength solution (0.1 M NaCl) resulted in a rapid but brief release of soluble and particulate Hg. Lowering the ionic strength of the leach solution (0.005 M NaCl) resulted in the release of colloidal Hg from two of the three mine wastes studied (NI calcines and SB waste rock). Colloid-associated Hg accounts for as much as 95% of the Hg released during episodic particle release. Colloids generated from the NI calcines are produced by a breakup and release mechanism and consist of hematite, jarosite/alunite, and Al-Si gel with particle sizes of 10-200 nm. ATEM and XAFS analyses indicate that the majority (???78%) of the mercury is present in the form of HgS. SB calcines also produced HgS colloids. The colloids generated from the SB waste rock were heterogeneous and varied in composition according to the column influent composition. ATEM and XAFS results indicate that Hg is entirely in the HgS form. Data from this study identify colloidal HgS as the dominant transported form of Hg from these mine waste materials.

Environmental Science & Technology↗

USGS1993

Nonfuel mineral resources in the United States-Mexico border region: A progress report on information available from the Center for Inter-American Mineral Resource Investigations (CIMRI)

The exploitation of minerals has played a significant role in population growth and development of the U.S.Mexico border region. Recent proposed changes in regulations related to mining in the United States and changes in mining and investment regulations in Mexico have led to increased mineral exploration and development in Mexico, especially in the border region. As a preliminary step in the study of the mineral industry of this area, the Center for Inter-American Mineral Resource Investigations (CIMRI) of the U.S. Geological Survey has compiled mine and occurrence data for nonfuel minerals in the border region. Analysis of this information indicates that a wide variety of metallic and industrial mineral commodities are present which can be used in agriculture, infrastructure, environmental improvement, and other industries. Therefore, mining will continue to play a significant role in the economy of this region.

Circular↗

USGS2018

Hydrologic assessment and numerical simulation of groundwater flow, San Juan Mine, San Juan County, New Mexico, 2010–13

Coal combustion byproducts (CCBs), which are composed of fly ash, bottom ash, and flue gas desulfurization material, produced at the coal-fired San Juan Generating Station (SJGS), located in San Juan County, New Mexico, have been buried in former surface-mine pits at the San Juan Mine, also referred to as the San Juan Coal Mine, since operations began in the early 1970s. This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Mining and Minerals Division of the New Mexico Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department, describes results of a hydrogeologic assessment, including numerical groundwater modeling, to identify the timing of groundwater recovery and potential pathways for groundwater transport of metals that may be leached from stored CCBs and reach hydrologic receptors after operations cease. Data collected for the hydrologic assessment indicate that groundwater in at least one centrally located reclaimed surface-mining pit has already begun to recover. The U.S. Geological Survey numerical modeling package MODFLOW–NWT was used with MODPATH particle-tracking software to identify advective flow paths from CCB storage areas toward potential hydrologic receptors. Results indicate that groundwater at CCB storage areas will recover to the former steady state, or in some locations, groundwater may recover to a new steady state in 6,600 to 10,600 years at variable rates depending on the proximity to a residual cone-of-groundwater depression caused by mine dewatering and regional oil and gas pumping as well as on actual, rather than estimated, groundwater recharge and evapotranspirational losses. Advective particle-track modeling indicates that the number of particles and rates of advective transport will vary depending on hydraulic properties of the mine spoil, particularly hydraulic conductivity and porosity. Modeling results from the most conservative scenario indicate that particles can migrate from CCB repositories to either the Shumway Arroyo alluvium after 1,320 years and from there to the San Juan River alluvium after 1,520 years or from southernmost CCB repositories directly to the San Juan River alluvium after 2,400 years after the cessation of mining.

New Mexico↗

USGS2002

Directional borehole radar tests of an oil injection experiment at the Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado

In October 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted borehole radar surveys of an oil injection experiment at the Colorado School of Mines (CSM), in Golden Colorado using the prototype U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)-developed directional borehole radar system (DBOR). A explanation of the system can be found in Wright and others (2001). The USGS was invited to the CSM to deploy the prototype directional borehole radar system during an oil injection experiment conducted to investigate the applicability of radar to monitoring formation invasion from a horizontal borehole. This work was conducted by a student at the CSM and is summarized in Moita (2001). The purpose of this report is to release the data and to summarize the experiments conducted with the DBOR system. This report contains, (1) a description of the system as deployed in the experiments, (2) a description of the data collected and data parameters used, (3) a simple display of some of the data collected, and (4) a description of the DBOR data files.

Colorado↗

USGS2025

Uranium mining, the Grand Canyon region, and the science of an ecosystem

Illustration of U.S. Geological Survey science at breccia pipe mines in the Grand Canyon region. The upper left portion shows a cross section of a breccia pipe and rock layers (far upper left) in a panoramic view of the Grand Canyon with upper right depicting rock pinnacles the Havasupai Tribe call Wi’i Gileeva. The right portion depicts a spring. The Colorado River bisects the illustration. A typical breccia pipe uranium mine site is shown in the lower left. Local plant and animal species studied are also included.

Arizona↗

USGS1984

Characteristics of some silver-, and base metal-bearing, epithermal deposits of Mexico and Peru

Introduction Lithotectonic, mineralogical, and geochemical data on two silver- and base metal-bearing deposits from Peru and two from Mexico are compiled to facilitate comparisons with other epithermal deposits. Silver and base metal-bearing deposits of Mexico and Peru constitute an important portion of the world silver production derived from shallow, vein-type deposits hosted in volcanic rocks. Although these deposits are generally similar to epithermal deposits of Nevada and Colorado in the western United States, they have some important differences. Because of this, data on the geological attributes of these deposits are very useful for developing models of ore formation that can be used in mineral exploration. The data collected for this compilation are presented in the following pages in summaries of the important characteristics of each deposit. This compilation, which shows the complexities in the geology of epithermal ore deposits in Mexico and Peru, serves as a basis for further comparisons among epithermal deposits throughout the world. The case studies provide data useful to geologists and exploration!'sts interested in developing models of ore formation to be used in exploration for mineral deposits of this type. The deposits described in this report are the Guanajuato district of Guanajuato, Mexico, the Pachuca-Real del Monte district of Hidalgo, Mexico, the Colqui district of Lima, Peru, and the Julcani district of Huancavelica, Peru. Although many characteristics of the geology and geochemistry of this type of deposit were considered, the most important criterion for choosing these deposits was that they have substantial quantities of precious- and base-metal mineralization. Additional criteria for selecting the deposits were that they be hosted primarily by calc-alkaline volcanic rocks of intermediate to silicic composition and that they be younger than Tertiary in age. Many deposits in Mexico and Peru and other parts of Central and South America were excluded because the literature describing the districts is not readily available. Furthermore, many districts have not been examined in detail or the information available is of limited geological scope. The four districts that are compiled in this report were chosen because they are described in abundant literature dating from early mining reports on the general geology and mineralogy to very recent data on detailed geochemical and mineralogical studies. They were chosen as being fairly typical, classic examples of near-surface, low-temperature vein deposits as described by Lindgren (1928) in his treatise on ore deposits (Mineral deposits, McGraw-Hill, 1049 p.). These deposits are similar in aspects of their geology and geochemistry to many of the famous, epithermal silver mining districts in Colorado and Nevada including Creede, Colorado, Tonapah, Nevada, and the Sunnyside Mine of the Eureka district, Colorado, and, in the special case of Julcani, to Summitville, Colorado, and Goldfield, Nevada. The characteristics that distinguish them include overall size, production and alteration assemblage. The information documented in each summary will be used in a forthcoming series of papers on the comparative anatomy of precious and base metal deposits in North and South America.

Guanajuato, Hidalgo. Huancavelica, Lima↗

USGS1977

Mineral resources of the Sheep Mountain Wilderness study area and the Cucamonga Wilderness and additions, Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties, California

A mineral survey of the Sheep Mountain Wilderness study area and Cucamonga Wilderness area and additions by the U.S. Geological Survey and Bureau of Mines in 1975 covered about 66,500 acres (26,500 ha) of the San Bernardino and Angeles National Forests in southern California. The two study areas are separated by San Antonio Canyon. The mineral resource potential was evaluated through geological, geochemical, and geophysical studies by the Geological Survey and through evaluation of mines and prospects by the Bureau of Mines.

California↗

USGS2017

Challenges in recovering resources from acid mine drainage

Metal recovery from mine waters and effluents is not a new approach but one that has occurred largely opportunistically over the last four millennia. Due to the need for low-cost resources and increasingly stringent environmental conditions, mine waters are being considered in a fresh light with a designed, deliberate approach to resource recovery often as part of a larger water treatment evaluation. Mine water chemistry is highly dependent on many factors including geology, ore deposit composition and mineralogy, mining methods, climate, site hydrology, and others. Mine waters are typically Ca-Mg-SO4±Al±Fe with a broad range in pH and metal content. The main issue in recovering components of these waters having potential economic value, such as base metals or rare earth elements, is the separation of these from more reactive metals such as Fe and Al. Broad categories of methods for separating and extracting substances from acidic mine drainage are chemical and biological. Chemical methods include solution, physicochemical, and electrochemical technologies. Advances in membrane techniques such as reverse osmosis have been substantial and the technique is both physical and chemical. Biological methods may be further divided into microbiological and macrobiological, but only the former is considered here as a recovery method, as the latter is typically used as a passive form of water treatment.

Conference Paper↗

USGS2011

Geologic map of the Caetano caldera, Lander and Eureka counties, Nevada

The Eocene (34 Ma) Caetano caldera in north-central Nevada offers an exceptional opportunity to study the physical and petrogenetic evolution of a large (20 km by 10–18 km pre-extensional dimensions) silicic magma chamber, from precursor magmatism to caldera collapse and intrusion of resurgent plutons. Caldera-related rocks shown on this map include two units of crystal-rich intracaldera tuff totaling over 4 km thickness, caldera collapse breccias, tuff dikes that fed the eruption, hydrothermally altered post-eruption rocks, and two generations of resurgent granitic intrusions (John et al., 2008). The map also depicts middle Miocene (about 16–12 Ma) normal faults and synextensional basins that accommodated >100 percent extension and tilted the caldera into a series of ~40° east-dipping blocks, producing exceptional 3-D exposures of the caldera interior (Colgan et al., 2008). This 1:75,000-scale map is a compilation of published maps and extensive new mapping by the authors (fig. 1), and supersedes a preliminary 1:100,000-scale map published by Colgan et al. (2008) and John et al. (2008). New mapping focused on the margins of the Caetano caldera, the distribution and lithology of rocks within the caldera, and on the Miocene normal faults and sedimentary basins that record Neogene extensional faulting. The definition of geologic units and their distribution within the caldera is based entirely on new mapping, except in the northern Toiyabe Range, where mapping by Gilluly and Gates (1965) was modified with new field observations. The distribution of pre-Cenozoic rocks outside the caldera was largely compiled from existing sources with minor modifications, with the exception of the northeastern caldera margin (west of the Cortez Hills Mine), which was remapped in the course of this work and published as a stand-alone 1:6000-scale map (Moore and Henry, 2010).

Nevada↗

USGS1989

West Virginia Geological Survey's role in siting fluidized bed combustion facilities

A project is presented which demonstrates the role of geology in planning and siting a fluidized bed combustion facility. Whenever a project includes natural resource utilization, cooperation between geologists and design engineers will provide an input that could and should save costs, similar to the one stated in our initial premise. Regardless of whether cost reductions stem from a better knowledge of fuel and sorbent availabilities, or a better understanding of the local hydrology, susceptibility to mine-subsidence, or other geologic hazards, the geological survey has a vital role in planning. Input to planning could help the fluidized-bed developer and design-engineer solve some economic questions and stretch the financial resources at their disposal.

Conference Paper↗

USGS1989

Geology and K-Ar geochronology of the Paradise Peak Mine and the relationship of pre-Basin and Range extension to Early Miocene precious metal mineralization in west-central Nevada

The Paradise Peak mine is a major gold-silver-mercury deposit located in the southwestern part of the Paradise Range near the eastern edge of the Walker Lane in the western Great Basin, Nevada. The Tertiary volcanic rocks of the area can be divided into a sequence of 26- to 24-Ma intermediate lavas, a sequence of 24- to 22-Ma silicic ash-flow tuffs, and a sequence of 20- to 15-Ma intermediate lavas. We classify these rocks as the older, middle, and younger sequences. Sedimentary rocks, and latites and basalts 12 Ma old or younger, locally overlie the younger intermediate lavas south of the mine. Silicified rhyolite tuff in the lower part of the middle tuff sequence is the principal host of the precious metal ore. Most ore occurs under an acid-leached zone of alunitic alteration and is contained in hydrothermal breccias that crosscut early quartz-pyrite and alunite alteration.Field relations and K-Ar ages of hypogene alunite indicate that precious metal mineralization and alunitic and silicic alteration formed at about 19 to 18 Ma, several million years after eruption of the main host rock. Mineralization formed during high-angle faulting related to crustal extension. Low-angle normal faults are present 5 km northeast of the Paradise Peak mine, but they formed more than 2 Ma after formation of the Paradise Peak deposit. Silicic and alunitic alteration and precious metal mineralization are generally absent in areas of low-angle faulting.Regional stratigraphic relations and K-Ar ages indicate that volcanism changed from silicic ash-flow tuffs to intermediate lavas at about 20 to 19 Ma. Regionally extensive angular unconformities indicate that a period of "pre-Basin and Range" crustal extension occurred between about 22 to 19 Ma. This extension was penecontemporaneous with the shift in the style of volcanism and with gold-silver mineralization in the Paradise Peak mine and in the Goldfield and Tonopah districts of western Nevada. The close temporal and spatial relationships of precious metal mineralization with pre-Basin and Range extension suggest that extension was a major factor in the genesis of early Miocene precious metal deposits in the western Great Basin.

Economic Geology↗

USGS2016

Book review: New concepts and discoveries: the Geological Society of Nevada 2015 Symposium Proceedings

The Nevada Geological Society has a long history of convening meetings and workshops focused on the geology and metallogeny of the western United States relevant to the mineral exploration and mining community across the Great Basin. One outgrowth of the Geological Society of Nevada’s 2015 Symposium is a two-volume set, edited by W.M. Pennell and L.J. Garside, entitled New Concepts and Discoveries . The symposium was held in Sparks, Nevada, May 14–23, 2015, with more than 1,000 attendees, 59 talks in 10 thematic sessions, 7 field trips, and 10 short courses, all focused on serving the geologic, exploration, and mining community. The attractively produced, hardbound, two-volume set includes a CD-ROM containing all the manuscripts as well as numerous abstracts from presentations arranged by the thematic session in which they were presented. The papers range from detailed case study descriptions of individual deposits to important syntheses covering the geologic evolution and resulting metallogeny of the Great Basin and beyond.

Economic Geology↗