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Results for “Progressive Fish-Culturist”

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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
USGS1981

Dairy-processing wastes as a replacement protein source in diets of rainbow trout

Dairy‐processing wastes, not previously used in domestic animal and fish feeds, were evaluated as a replacement protein source in the diet of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Dairy residue replaced 10% dried whey without reducing growth or feed efficiency, and feed costs were reduced. Growth and feeding efficiency were somewhat reduced when dairy‐processing wastes in the diet were 15 or 20%.

Progressive Fish-Culturist↗
USGS1982

Use of ozone in a water reuse system for salmonids

A water reuse system is described in which ozone is used in addition to biological filters to remove toxic metabolic wastes from the water. The system functions at a higher rate of efficiency than has been reported for other reuse systems and supports excellent growth of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).

Progressive Fish-Culturist↗
USGS1982

Furunculosis in brook trout: Infection by contact exposure

In juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) challenged by applying about 10 9 virulent Aeromonas salmonicida cells to an abraded area along the lateral line, or held in aquarium water containing about 10 5 cells per milliliter, mortalities were 50 and 60%, respectively, within 7 days after exposure. Neither feeding the bacterium to the fish nor applying it directly to the gills caused systemic bacterial infection. Two consistent experimental challenges were developed for inducing furunculosis in juvenile brook trout: (1) 15‐min contact (bath) exposures of trout to about 10 6 A. salmonicida cells per milliliter of spring water, and (2) 60‐s dip exposures of the fish to 10 9 A. salmonicida cells per milliliter. These challenge procedures produced 70‐100% and 74‐88% mortality, respectively, within 14 days after exposure. Results obtained with a strain of brook trout from Owhi Lake, Washington, by the dip exposure method were affected by neither the age of the fish (up to 1 year) nor the source of the population. The challenge was also effective for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) but not for rainbow trout (S. gairdneri).

Progressive Fish-Culturist↗
USGS1982

Immersion and injection vaccination of salmonids against furunculosis with an avirulent strain of Aeromonas salmonicida

Replicate groups of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) immunized by intraperitoneal injection of graded dilutions of an avirulent strain of Aeromonas salmonicida were protected from a virulent challenge. Mean mortality after challenge was 88% in control trout, 66% in trout immunized with 3 × 10 6 or 3 × 10 5 cells, and 39% in trout immunized with 3 × 10 4 to 3 × 10¹ cells. In brook trout challenged after immersion for 60 s in a culture containing 2.3 × 10 9 avirulent cells of A. salmonicida per milliliter, mortality was 44%, compared with 94% in controls. In Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), similarly vaccinated by immersion, mortality was 12.5% after challenge compared with 87.5% in controls. In additional studies, mean mortality of Atlantic salmon vaccinated by immersion was 14%, whereas that of control salmon was 92%.

Progressive Fish-Culturist↗
USGS1982

Plasma corticosteroids and chlorides in striped bass exposed to tricaine methanesulfonate, quinaldine, etomidate, and salt

Plasma chloride and corticosteroid concentrations were measured in yearling striped bass (Morone saxatilis) exposed to 25 mg/L tricaine methanesulfonate, 2.5 mg/L quinaldine, or 0.1 mg/L etomidate (an experimental drug), alone and in combination with 10 g/L salt (NaCl). Plasma chloride levels were unaffected in all treatments during a 15‐min exposure and during a 10‐min period of close confinement in a dipnet. Plasma corticosteroids increased in fish exposed to salt alone and in fish exposed to tricaine methanesulfonate or quinaldine, either alone or in combination with salt. Etomidate alone or combined with salt limited the increase in plasma corticosteroids during exposure and confinement. Etomidate appears to be a useful drug for suppressing physiological changes during the handling and transportation of striped bass.

Progressive Fish-Culturist↗
USGS1982

Comparative hatching success of lake trout eggs in Lake Michigan water and well water

A study was undertaken to examine the influence of water from southern Lake Michigan on the survival of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) eggs by comparing the hatching success of eggs from the same source incubated in water from Lake Michigan, or from the laboratory well. It is concluded that the observed differences in hatching are probably attributable to chemical constituents of water from the lake (eg, chlorinated hydrocarbons, metals and other industrial and agricultural chemicals).

Progressive Fish-Culturist↗
USGS1983

Physiological effects of handling and hauling stress on smallmouth bass

Mortalities associated with the handling and transporting (hauling) of fishes have long been a problem. Tolerance to these stressors varies greatly among species (Davis and Parker 1979; Tomasso et al. 1980; Wydoski and Wedenmeyer 1976). In most fishes, however, handling and hauling losses are caused by two major factors - activation of latent infections as a result of increased endocrine activity (cf. Wedemeyer 1970), and osmoregulatory dysfunctions due to blood electrolyte disturbances (Lewis 1971; Wydoski and Wedemeyer 1976). Basic physiological information on the stress caused by current hatchery practices is helpful in developing new and improved techniques to increase survival. In view of the present fishery management requirements for stocking smallmouth bas ( Micropterus dolomieu ), baseline information on the physiological effects of handling and hauling hatchery-reared fish is needed to serve as the foundation for improving transport methods. Shell (1959) summarized several physiological characteristics of smallmouth bass, but little information on their physiological tolerance to stress exists. The present study was designed to determine the physiological effects of handling and short-term hauling in small mouth bass. Plasma chloride, sodium, potassium, and glucose dynamics were monitored in indicate the severity of the resulting stress and the recovery time needed.

Progressive Fish-Culturist↗
USGS1983

Methionine and cystine requirements of rainbow trout

Methionine and cystine requirements of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were studied by supplementing a 35% protein semipurified basal diet with these amino acids at graded levels in a factorial design. In experiment 1 (initial average weight of fish, 1.5 g), methionirie levels were 0.30, 0.45, and 0.60% of the diet and cystine levels were 0.04, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, and 0.60%. In experiment 2 (initial average weight of fish, 8.8 g), methionine levels were 0.55, 0.75, and 0.95% and cystine levels were 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.24, and 0.32%. Methionine requirement was estimated to be between 0.55 and 0.75% in the presence of adequate dietary cystine and the cystine requirement was about 0.30% with a diet marginally deficient in methionine. The requirement for both sulfur amino acids was, therefore, between 0.85 and 1.05% of the diet or 2.50 and 3.00% of the protein. Molar efficiency of conversion of dietary methionine to cystine was highest (80%) when the diet was deficient in methionine; this efficiency decreased as levels of dietary methionine increased. Bilateral cataracts occurred in methionine‐deficient but not in cystine‐deficient trout.

Progressive Fish-Culturist↗
USGS1983

Decline of mercury in young fishes from western Lake Erie between 1970-71 and 1974

Concentrations of total mercury were determined for samples of age 0-II whole fish of six species collected from western Lake Erie in 1970-71 and five species collected in 1974. Within years, average total mercury concentrations increased with age and size in all species. The concentrations were significantly lower (37 to 86%) in 1974 than in 1970-71. Methylmercury concentrations and the proportion of methylmercury to total mercury increased with age and size of fish in samples of four species collected in 1970-71.

Progressive Fish-Culturist↗
USGS1983

Survey of stocking policies for tailwater trout fisheries in the southern United States

A survey of the 16 southern states showed that 48 tailwaters in 13 states were stocked with trout in 1980. Of the almost 3.7 million trout released in these waters, 81% were of catchable size and 19% were fingerlings (< 150mm). Tailwaters received 32% of all trout stocked in the South; nearly 95% of the tailwater fish were rainbow trout ( Salmo gairdneri ). A trend away from "put-grow-and-take" fisheries toward "put-and-take" fisheries was noted. Limited creel data confirmed that fishing pressure in southern tailwaters was heavy, and that 25 to 90% of the trout stocked were recovered by anglers

Progressive Fish-Culturist↗