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Search indexed USGS publications on groundwater, aquifers, geologic maps, mineral resources and earthquakes. Explore source records by subject and place.

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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
USGS1985

Reconnaissance geologic map of the Jizan Quadrangle, sheet 16/42 B, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The Jizan quadrangle, bounded by lat 16°30’ and 17°00’ N. and long 42°30’ and 43°00’ E., is one of the southernmost quadrangles of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is named after Jizan, the largest city and principal port of the region, with about 30,000 inhabitants. Other significant towns and villages include Abu Arish, Al Madayah and Karbus, all linked to Jizan and adjoining quadrangles by paved roads. Most of the quadrangle is occupied by coastal plain bordering the Red Sea; one third is occupied by part of the Red Sea and the extreme northeast corner includes foothills of the Red Sea escarpment. The coastal plain, as much as 40 km wide, is covered by Quaternary surficial deposits overlying a sequence of Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentary rocks as much as 5 km thick. The only relief on the plain is provided by the Jizan salt dome, elevated about 50 m above sea level at Jizan city, and by small extinct volcanoes 100 to 150 m high near Abu Arish. The coastal plain is separated form islands, tidal mud flats and shallow lagoons. The sea is shallow, less than 200 m deep, and forms part of the shelf marginal to the main axial trough of the Red Sea. The high ground in the northeast of the quadrangle is formed by Jabal at Tirf, 452 m above sea level at its summit.

Open-File Report↗
USGS2013

USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database with a focus on the introduced fishes of the lower Tennessee and Cumberland drainages

The Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database (http://nas.er.usgs.gov) functions as a national repository and clearinghouse for occurrence data for introduced species within the United States. Included is locality information on over 1,100 species of vertebrates, invertebrates, and vascular plants introduced as early as 1850. Taxa include foreign (exotic) species and species native to North America that have been transported outside of their natural range. Locality data are obtained from published and unpublished literature, state, federal and local monitoring programs, museum accessions, on-line databases, websites, professional communications and on-line reporting forms. The NAS web site provides immediate access to new occurrence records through a real-time interface with the NAS database. Visitors to the web site are presented with a set of pre-defined queries that generate lists of species according to state or hydrologic basin of interest. Fact sheets, distribution maps, and information on new occurrences are updated as new records and information become available. The NAS database allows resource managers to learn of new introductions reported in their region or nearby regions, improving response time. Conversely, managers are encouraged to report their observations of new occurrences to the NAS database so information can be disseminated to other managers, researchers, and the public. In May 2004, the NAS database incorporated an Alert System to notify registered users of new introductions as part of a national early detection/rapid response system. Users can register to receive alerts based on geographic or taxonomic criteria. The NAS database was used to identify 23 fish species introduced into the lower Tennessee and Cumberland drainages. Most of these are sport fish stocked to support fisheries, but the list also includes accidental and illegal introductions such as Asian Carps, clupeids, various species popular in the aquarium trade, and Atlantic Needlefish ( Strongylura marina ) that was introduced via the newly-constructed Tennessee-Tombigbee Canal.

Cumberland River;Tennessee River↗
USGS2014

Geologic map of metallic and nonmetallic mineral deposits, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan, modified from the 1967 original map compilation of G.G. Semenov and others

This geologic map of central Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan, is a combined, redrafted, and modified version of the Geological map of central Badakhshan, scale 1:200,000 (sheet 217), and Map of minerals of central Badakhshan, scale 1:200,000 (also sheet 217) from Semenov and others (1967) (Soviet report no. R0815). That unpublished Soviet report contains the original maps and cross sections, which were prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Mines and Industries of the Republic of Afghanistan in 1967 under contract no. 1378 (Technoexport, USSR). This USGS publication also includes the gold metallogeny summarized in Abdullah and others (1977) and Peters and others (2007, 2011), and additional compilations from Guguev and others (1967). Badakhshan Province consists of volcanic, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks of various ages from late Proterozoic to Cenozoic. The rocks are intensively dislocated and cut by intrusions of magmatic rocks. Primary gold occurrences are distinguished in shear zones with hydrothermal alterations or in contact-metasomatic rocks near magmatic intrusions.

Badakhshan↗
USGS2022

Bedrock geologic map of the Crown Point quadrangle, Essex County, New York, and Addison County, Vermont

The bedrock geology of the 7.5-minute Crown Point quadrangle consists of deformed and metamorphosed Mesoproterozoic gneisses of the Adirondack Highlands unconformably overlain by weakly deformed lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of the Champlain Valley. The Mesoproterozoic rocks occur on the eastern edge of the Adirondack Highlands and represent an extension of the Grenville Province of Laurentia. Granulite facies Mesoproterozoic paragneiss, marble, and amphibolite hosted the emplacement of granitic orthogneiss at approximately 1.18–1.15 giga-annum (Ga, billion years before present). The earliest of four phases of deformation (D1) is characterized by gneissosity, rarely preserved F1 isoclinal folds, and migmatite in the host rocks. Subsequent D2 deformation produced a composite penetrative gneissosity, migmatite, and isoclinal F2 folds. Towards the end of D2, felsic magmatism (including the regionally extensive Lyon Mountain Granite Gneiss, abbreviated “LMG”) spread by penetrative migration as semiconcordant alkali feldspar granite sheets subparallel to S2 into previously deformed lithologies. The LMG crystallized at approximately 1.15 Ga and displays synkinematic F2 folds thus constraining the time of D2 deformation. Exhumation during D3 produced F3 folds exhibited in regional domes and basins, such as the Keeney Mountain synform, local reactivation of the S2 foliation, partial melting, metamorphism, metasomatism, iron ore remobilization, and intrusion of magnetite-bearing pegmatite both as layer-parallel sills and crosscutting dikes. D4 created NE- and NW-trending boudinage, local high-grade ductile shear zones, and crosscutting granitic pegmatite dikes. Kilometer (km)-scale lineaments readily observed in lidar data are Ediacaran mafic dikes and Phanerozoic brittle faults. The Paleozoic rocks are part of the Early Cambrian to Late Ordovician great American carbonate bank on the ancient margin of Laurentia. Cambrian-Ordovician stratigraphy records an approximately 1-km-thick section and a transition from synrift clastics to passive margin peritidal carbonate buildups to gradually deeper water subtidal to shelf carbonates during foreland basin development associated with the Taconic orogeny. The Paleozoic rocks are weakly folded and block faulted. Large areas of the Champlain Valley are covered by undifferentiated glacial deposits, some of which contain mapped landslides. The map also shows waste rock piles and tailings from historical mining operations and large areas of artificial fill. This study was undertaken to improve our understanding of the bedrock geology in the Adirondack Highlands, establish a modern framework for 1:24,000-scale bedrock geologic mapping in the Adirondacks, provide a context for historical iron mines in the eastern Adirondacks, and update the stratigraphy of the Champlain Valley in New York and Vermont. This Scientific Investigations Map of the Crown Point 7.5-minute quadrangle consists of a map sheet, an explanatory pamphlet, and a geographic information system database that includes bedrock geologic units, faults, outcrops, and structural geologic information. The map sheet includes a bedrock geologic map, a correlation of map units, a description of map units, an explanation of map symbols, three cross sections, and a simplified surficial geologic map that includes lidar percent slope. The explanatory pamphlet includes a discussion of the geology. The bedrock geologic map on the map sheet is multi-layered and has been designed to enable the user to turn off the surficial map layer to view the concealed bedrock map units.

New York, Vermont↗
USGS1997

A digital version of the 1970 U.S. Geological Survey topographic map of the San Francisco Bay region, three sheets, 1:125,000

This Open-File report is a digital topographic map database. It contains a digital version of the 1970 U.S. Geological Survey topographic map of the San Francisco Bay Region (3 sheets), at a scale of 1:125,000. These ARC/INFO coverages are in vector format. The vectorization process has distorted characters representing letters and numbers, as well as some road and other symbols, making them difficult to read in some instances. This pamphlet serves to introduce and describe the digital data. There is no paper map included in the Open-File report. The content and character of the database and methods of obtaining it are described herein.

Open-File Report↗
USGS2000

Digital geologic map of the Butler Peak 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California

Open-File Report 00-145, is a digital geologic map database of the Butler Peak 7.5' quadrangle that includes (1) ARC/INFO ( Environmental Systems Research Institute ) version 7.2.1 Patch 1 coverages, and associated tables, (2) a Portable Document Format (.pdf) file of the Description of Map Units, Correlation of Map Units chart, and an explanation of symbols used on the map, btlrpk_dcmu.pdf, (3) a Portable Document Format file of this Readme, btlrpk_rme.pdf (the Readme is also included as an ascii file in the data package), and (4) a PostScript plot file of the map, Correlation of Map Units, and Description of Map Units on a single sheet, btlrpk.ps. No paper map is included in the Open-File report, but the PostScript plot file (number 4 above) can be used to produce one. The PostScript plot file generates a map, peripheral text, and diagrams in the editorial format of USGS Geologic Investigation Series (I-series) maps.

California↗
USGS2019

US Topo Product Standard

This document defines a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) digital topographic map. This map product series, named “US Topo,” is modeled on the now historical USGS 7.5-minute (1:24,000 scale) topographic map series produced and printed by the USGS from 1947 to 2006. US Topo maps have the same extent, scale, and general layout as the historical topographic maps. US Topo maps incorporate an orthorectified image (hereinafter referred to as “orthoimage”) and shaded relief image along with a selection of data that were included in the historical 7.5-minute topographic maps. Between June and September of 2017, the USGS transitioned the format of US Topo maps to be published, by using a geospatial extension, in an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 32000-compliant Adobe® portable document format (PDF) that is called a “geospatial PDF.” Previously, US Topo maps were published, by using geospatial extensions patented by TerraGo® Technologies, in PDF in a format called a “GeoPDF®.” The geospatial PDF design allows a user to zoom in and out in a georeferenced environment, turn layers on and off, view or print any combination of layers, and print any portion of the map at the published scale. US Topo maps are intended to serve conventional map users by providing geographic information system (GIS) information in symbolized form in the customary topographic map layout. The maps are not intended for advanced GIS analysis applications. These products are built on standard coordinate systems and include full U.S. National Grid (USNG) lines, making US Topo maps particularly useful for emergency first-response operations. These maps are also used by traditional topographic map users, such as resource managers, planners, and recreational users who continue to have a need for the symbolized feature data contained in the 7.5-minute quadrangle maps. Full-size style sheet templates in PDF defining the placement of map elements, marginalia, and font sizes and styles accompany this standard. US Topo maps published as geospatial PDFs are fashioned to conform to these style sheets so that a user can print out a map at the 1:24,000, 1:25,000, or 1:20,000 scale using the dimensions of the traditional standard 7.5-minute quadrangle. Symbology and type specifications for feature content and detailed requirements for geospatial content will be published separately. This document is an update of the US Topo Product Standard published in 2011 (Cooley and others, 2011). It is applicable to all US Topo maps. Updates in this version include the introduction of an ISO 32000-compliant geospatial PDF as a new file format for published maps; new style sheet templates for 1:24,000-scale maps (conterminous United States and Hawaii), 1:25,000-scale maps (Alaska), and 1:20,000-scale maps (Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands); an updated US Topo Map Symbol attachment; minor updates to text, including changes to the features and layers included in the US Topo product and the sheet size of the US Topo maps; updated figures demonstrating the US Topo product; an updated metadata file containing map-specific information.

Techniques and Methods↗
USGS1990

Preliminary geologic map of the Thaniyat Turayf Quadrangle, sheet 29C, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The Thaniyat Turayf quadrangle, sheet 29C, lies in the northwestern part of Saudi Arabia near the border with Jordan. The quadrangle is located between lat 29°00'-30°00' N. and long 37°30'-39°00' E. It includes the southwestern rim of the Sirhan-Turayf Basin and is underlain by Silurian to Miocene- Pliocene sedimentary rocks that are partly covered by surficial duricrust, sand, and gravel. Most of the sedimentary rocks of the map area are of marine origin, varying from outer shelf to near-shore and coastal-lagoon environments. Episodes of fluvial-deltaic deposition reflecting marine regression occurred in the Devonian, and continental and lacustrine sedimentation are characteristic of the Miocene. Tensional structures, such as linear- joint fractures, grabens, and block faulting, probably resulted from rifting associated with the opening of the Red Sea. The map area contains the southern part of the Southwestern Area, an important phosphate-rock province that includes the Thaniyat Phosphorite member. Total estimated resources of phosphorite in three select areas of the Thaniyat Phosphorite member are 978,000,000 t with an average grade of 24 percent P 2 O 5 . A new structural concept introduced in this report extends the Wadi as Sirhan graben complex southeastward into the An Nafud. This concept increases the size of the potentially oil-and-gas-bearing Wadi as Sirhan region to include the An Nafud.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1989

Preliminary geologic map of the Al Jawf Quadrangle, sheet 29D, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The Al Jawf quadrangle (Sheet 29 D) lies in the northwestern part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia about 900 km north of Jeddah. The quadrangle is located between lat 29°00'-30°00' N. and long 39°00'-40°30' E. It includes the southeastern rim of the Sirhan-Turayf basin, and is underlain by sedimentary rocks of Paleozoic to Cenozoic age. More than half of the quadrangle is covered by surficial deposits. The Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks of the map area were deposited under both marine and continental conditions. Marine deposits, produced by transgressions and regressions of the sea, are of outershelf to near-shore and coastal-lagoon origin, and the continental deposits are largely of fluvial and deltaic origin. Part of the Miocene-Pliocene rocks are believed to have been deposited in a lacustrine environment. Tensional structures, such as linear macro joints, grabens, block-faulting, and some folding are characteristic of the geology of the map area, and reflect a combination of Red Sea rifting and movement of the Hail Arch. This report introduces a new structural concept that extends the Wadi as Sirhan graben complex southeastward in the Al Jawf quadrangle into the An Nafud (Great Desert). This concept greatly increases the area of interest in the potentially oil-and-gas-bearing rocks of the Wadi as Sirhan region to include those of the An Nafud basin. Discovery of the largest specimen of Prototaxites sp. in the world, in the Al Jubah area of the northeastern part of the quadrangle, has helped solve a long-standing stratigraphic problem involving Devonian and Cretaceous rocks of the southeastern part of the Sirhan-Turayf basin. Phosphorite, a commodity of major economic interest in the Sirhan-Turayf basin, is exposed in the map area along escarpments that form the southeastern rim of the basin. The grade of the phosphorite is as much as 21 percent P 2 O 5 , but the beds are thin and lenticular.

Open-File Report↗
USGS2017

Multispectral digital image mapping of Antarctic ice features

Landsat multispectral images of the Antarctic ice sheet have been digitally enhanced by the US Geological Survey to show ice surface features not seen in earlier photographic products of the same scenes. Now for the first time it is worthwhile to prepare image maps at scales of up to 1:250 000 of ice sheet areas even where no nunataks are visible. Derivatives of the data can be stretched to bring out glaciologically significant features in smooth areas that traditionally have been described as featureless. Over large tracts of the ice sheet, the direction of ice flow can be revealed as clearly as it is by the medial moraines of an Alpine glacier system. Ice streams, ice divides, ice rises, ice rumples, grounding lines, crevasses, and rifts are seen where none had been identified before. In the same way that Seasat altimetry of the surface of the ocean has much to tell about the bed of the ocean, Landsat has much to tel! about the bed of the ice. Not only major structural features but also many details of the sub-glacial landscape are unmasked by their subtle reflection on the ice sheet surface. Ground control on ice sheets can be obtained by Doppler satellite observations tied to image-identifiable surface features. Because of ice movement, the standard of geodetic control can never approach that of conventional surveys based on rock stations. But the precise standards of conventional surveys are unnecessary for ice sheet maps.

Annals of Glaciology↗