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USGS · fs20043042

Tree Swallows: A Nationwide Sentinel Species for Assessing and Monitoring Aquatic Contamination

Christine Custer·Thomas Custer
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Christine Custer, Thomas Custer. 2004. Tree Swallows: A Nationwide Sentinel Species for Assessing and Monitoring Aquatic Contamination. https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043042

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Water in, no water out—How a rain garden reduced stormwater at City Hall in Gary, Indiana

Introduction Urban stormwater runoff can be an issue in many communities because it may cause flooding, overwhelm sewage treatment plants, and negatively affect water quality in local streams, lakes, and other waterbodies. Stormwater runoff can be controlled by using "green infrastructure," which consists of engineered structures that imitate nature to collect stormwater runoff, reduce the amount of runoff, and improve water quality. In 2014, the city of Gary, Indiana implemented green infrastructure to reduce the negative effects of urban stormwater on Lake Michigan and its tributaries. From November 2016 to June 2017, the mostly impermeable parking lot in front of Gary City Hall was removed and rebuilt with a rain garden. The U.S. Geological Survey studied how the rain garden reduced stormwater runoff and published results in Scientific Investigations Report 2022–5101.

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