USGS · 70011218
[No abstract available]
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T.M. Albert. 1983. Geoscience data management. https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(83)90029-8
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Semantic mapping in 3D is fundamental to a wide range of geoscientific studies and applications, including geomorphology, hazard assessment, and environmental monitoring. However, automatically segmenting geological features from large-scale photogrammetric datasets remains a significant challenge. We present a methodology to address this gap. Using overlapping images collected over environments of interest, Structure-from-Motion (SfM) produces georeferenced point clouds and estimates camera poses. Existing large vision models, such as Segment Anything Model, segment objects in the images, generating pixel-segmentation associations. To produce pixel-point associations, we project the points back onto the camera image planes. As objects are independently segmented across multiple images with different perspectives, we develop a segmentation mosaicking algorithm to build probabilistic point-segmentation associations that combines the pixel-segmentation associations and pixel-point associations. Our methodology is validated using both synthetic data generated by Kubric and real-world UAV-SfM data. The implementation is designed to be compatible with existing SfM software, including Agisoft and OpenDroneMap, for photogrammetry mapping in geoscience studies. As a case study, we apply our method to the semantic mapping of precariously balanced rocks (PBRs), which provide upper-bound constraints on historical ground motion shaking intensity. To support object-level identification of PBRs, we additionally integrated Grounding DINO, enabling text-prompted segmentation of features of interest within UAV imagery. This case study demonstrates the effectiveness of our method in generating a 3D semantic map of PBRs, enabling spatial distribution of PBR fragility for earthquake hazard analysis.
gTOOLS is an open-source software for the processing of relative gravity data. gTOOLS is available in MATLAB and as a compiled executable to be run under the free MATLAB Runtime Compiler. The software has been designed for time-lapse (temporal) gravity monitoring. Although programmed to read the Scintrex CG-5 and CG-6 gravimeters output data files, it can be easily modified to read data files from other gravimeters. The software binds together single-task processing modules within a very simple user interface that is based on one text file. Gravity processing involves three modules: (a) gravimeter calibration; (b) automatic processing of gravity data to find adjusted gravity differences; and (c) post processing of results. Each module is optional and runs independently from the others. Data processing includes (a) averaging out the measurements noise, and correction for solid Earth tides, and ocean loading, and residual instrumental drift, and (b) calculate the residual instrumental drift and gravity differences between the base station and monitoring sites, and their uncertainties, by a weighted least square analysis of the gravity data. The software allows the automatic processing of a gravity campaign spanning multiple days in a single run. The software is tested on gravity data from 2015 eruption at Cotopaxi volcano, Ecuador.
Magnetotellurics (MT) is a passive electromagnetic geophysical method that measures variations in subsurface electrical resistivity. MT data are collected in the time domain and processed in the frequency domain to produce estimates of a transfer function representing the Earth’s electrical structure. Unfortunately, the MT community lacks metadata and data standards for time series data. As the community grows and findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reuse of digital assets (FAIR) data principles are enforced by government and funding agencies, a standard is needed for time series data. Presented here is a hierarchical data format (MTH5) that is logically formatted to how MT data are collected. Open-source Python packages are also described to read, write, and manipulate MTH5 files. These include a package to deal with metadata ( mt_metadata ) based on standards developed by the Working Group for Magnetotelluric Data Handling and Software assembled by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), and mth5 : a package to interact with MTH5 files that uses mt_metadata . Example code and workflows are presented.