Type C botulism losses at Horicon National Wildlife Refuge, 1978

R. M. Windingstad; R. M. Duncan; R.L. Drieslein

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USGS · 1003878

Type C botulism losses at Horicon National Wildlife Refuge, 1978

R. M. Windingstad·R. M. Duncan·R.L. Drieslein

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Abstract

Avian botulism was responsible for the death of over 6,000 waterfowl at Horicon National Wildlife Refuge in Wisconsin in 1978. The outbreak occurred in early fall on a flooded 250 hectare fallow agricultural area on the northeast end of the refuge. The species most severely affected was the green-winged teal ( Anas carolinensis ), which made up almost 45% of the total birds found. Carcass pick-up, mouse toxicity tests, and antitoxin injections of waterfowl are discussed.

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Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters Article

Source-reported bounding extent: 43.44992803994755° to 43.64973975751403° latitude; -88.70429992675781° to -88.57761383056639° longitude. This indicates report coverage, not an exact sampling location. View area on OpenStreetMap.

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R. M. Windingstad, R. M. Duncan, R.L. Drieslein. 1980. Type C botulism losses at Horicon National Wildlife Refuge, 1978. https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/1003878

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