Research about Eureka

USGS2010

Prolonged intensive dominance behavior between gray wolves, Canis lupus

Dominance is one of the most pervasive and important behaviors among wolves in a pack, yet its significance in free-ranging packs has been little studied. Insights into a behavior can often be gained by examining unusual examples of it. In the High Arctic near Eureka, Nunavut, Canada, we videotaped and described an unusually prolonged and intensive behavioral bout between an adult male Gray Wolf ( Canis lupus ) and a male member of his pack, thought to be a maturing son. With tail raised, the adult approached a male pack mate about 50 m from us and pinned and straddled this packmate repeatedly over 6.5 minutes, longer than we had ever seen in over 50 years of studying wolves. We interpreted this behavior as an extreme example of an adult wolf harassing a maturing offspring, perhaps in prelude to the offspring?s dispersal.

Eureka↗

USGS1978

Ground-water conditions in the Eureka area, Humboldt County, California, 1975

Ground-water conditions in the Eureka area, Calif., were evaluated during 1975 to determine whether significant changes had occurred since 1952, when an earlier reconnaissance was made. No major changes in water levels or water quality were noted at 1975 pumping rates. Recharge to the ground-water system compensates for both artificial and natural discharge. The position of the freshwater-saltwater transition zone underlying the alluvial flood plains in the summer of 1975 were unchanged from those in 1952. Ground water continues to be used principally for irrigation on the alluvial flood plains of the Eel and Mad Rivers. In 1975, about 425 irrigation wells supplied an estimated 24,000 acre-feet of ground water to the Eureka area; half of those wells were located on the Eel River flood plain. The estimated total ground-water pumpage for irrigation, industry, public supply, domestic use, and livestock was 27,500 acre-feet. During the irrigation season, there is a higher rate of recharge from the rivers which helps to maintain ground-water storage and stabilize the freshwater-seawater transition zone. (Woodard-USGS)

California↗