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Warren Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to Warren Anderson.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
USGS1987

Reconnaissance of geohydrologic areas and 1981 low-flow conditions, Withlacoochee River basin, southwest Florida Water Management District

The Withlacoochee River Basin of the Southwest Florida Water Management District is a management area of about 2030 sq mi in west-central Florida containing large reserves of potable water in the Upper Floridan aquifer. Results of reconnaissance test drilling indicate that the Upper Floridan aquifer may be treated as an unconfined aquifer in the management area which allows it to be divided into two types of geohydrologic areas: (1) areas of high recharge, and (2) areas of moderate recharge. Conceptually, the source of water to well fields in areas of high recharge would largely be natural recharge, whereas, in areas of moderate recharge, a significant part of the source of water to well fields would be induced downward leakage, or capture, of surface and near-surface water. The Withlacoochee River Basin of the Southwest Florida Water Management District is drained almost entirely by the Withlacoochee River and its tributaries. Field data were collected from April 13 through August 17, 1981, to document extremely low streamflow conditions. Conditions in the upper half of the drainage basin were found to be the most severe of record. On July 7, 1981, the total net runoff from the upper half of the basin was observed to be only 0.1 cu ft/sec. Low-flow conditions in the lower half of the drainage basin, however, were less severe than during the record low period of 1956. (Author 's abstract)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1984

Cost-effectiveness of the US Geological Survey stream-gaging program in central Florida

In the Red Oak area, Oklahoma, water in shale bedrock occurs in bedding planes and fractures and is confined. Wells probably yield less than 5 gallons per minute. Ground water is a sodium or mixed cation carbonate/bicarbonate type with dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from about 300 to 700 milligrams per liter. No relationship between water chemistry and well depth or location is apparent. Brazil Creek flows 1 cubic foot per second or less about 25 percent of the time and has no flow about 15 percent of the time. Water in Brazil Creek is a mixed cation carbonate/bicarbonate type. Dissolved-solids concentrations upstream from old and recent mines ranged from 30 to 100 milligrams per liter whereas concentrations downstreams from the mines ranged from 50 to 600 milligrams per liter. Excessive levels of cadmium, chromium, lead, and mercury at times preclude use of water from Brazil and Rock Creeks for public supply. Maximum suspended-sediment discharge, in tons per day, was 2,500 for Brazil Creek and 3,300 for Rock Creek. Silt-clay particles with diameters less than 0.062 millimeter were the dominant sediment size. (USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1981

Water-resources information for the Withlacoochee River region, west-central Florida

Daily water use in the Withlacoochee River region in 1977 averaged about 2,005 million gallons per day, 94 percent of which was saline surface water used in thermoelectric power-generation cooling. Industrial and irrigation uses required 73 percent of the freshwater. The largest user of freshwater was Hernando County, using 43.0 million gallons per day. The ground-water system is comprised of up to three different aquifers--the surficial, the secondary artesian, and the Floridan. Little is known about the surficial and secondary artesian aquifers. The Floridan aquifer consists mostly of limestones and dolomites, and is as much as 1,500 feet thick. Transmissivities are known to be as high as 25 million feet squared per day. Yields of 2,000 gallons per minute from 12-inch wells are possible. Although the range in fluctuations of the potentiometric surface is as great as 20 feet, no significant change has occurred since the 1930's when data were first collected. The quality of water within the Floridan aquifer is generally excellent except near the Gulf Coast and in extreme east Marion County, near the St. Johns River where saltwater is present in the aquifer. Iron and hydrogen sulfide are sometimes a problem, but they can usually be con-trolled by proper well design and aeration of the water. Concentrations of sulfate do not exceed 250 milligrams per liter in the study area, and only in a small part of the area do dissolved-solids concentrations exceed 250 milligrams per liter. Summaries were compiled of more than 1,000 wells, 43 continuous-record gaging stations, 21 lakes, and 46 springs. The predominant chemical type for both streams and springs is calcium and magnesium bicarbonate due to the dissolution process of the carbonate rocks. Along the coastal areas and near the St. Johns River, water is commonly of the sodium chloride type. The majority of the streams have average dissolved-solids concentrations between 100 and 200 milligrams per liter, maximum-observed specific conductance between 250 and 750 micro-mhos per centimeter, and average total nitrogen concentrations of less than 1.2 milligrams per liter. Data for six lakes showed that the range of stage between the 90 and 10 percent exceedance stages is as great as 4.5 feet and as small as 2.2 feet. Little water-quality data for lakes are available, especially for the important constituents such as biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total carbon. Flow-duration data for springs show small ranges in discharge. The differences between the 10 and 90 percent exceedance discharges are 350 cubic feet per second for Silver Springs and 280 cubic feet per second for Rainbow Springs, the two largest springs in the area. Water quality of the springs is relatively constant with time because of the water's long residence time within the carbonate rocks.

Florida↗
USGS1980

Hydrology of Jumper Creek Canal basin, Sumter County, Florida

In 1960, floods caused extensive damage to agribusiness in Jumper Creek Canal basin. In 1962, a plan was developed for a proposed project to reduce the threat of floods. In 1976, a study of the hydrology of the basin was proposed to help evaluate this plan and to serve as a basis for its modification; the study was conducted from October 1976 through September 1977. Jumper Creek Canal drains a basin of 83 square miles in which the average yearly rainfall is about 53 inches. Average runoff from the upper 40 square miles of the basin is estimated to be about 30 cubic feet per second or 10 inches per year. Evapotranspiration is estimated to be about 37 inches per year. Variation in runoff from Jumper Creek Canal is much less than that from most other basins in west-central Florida because of large storage capacity in the basin both on the surface and in the ground. Limestone in Jumper Creek Canal basin is covered by a veneer of sand and clays which ranges in thickness from 0 to 10 feet. The study indicates that most of the base flow in the canal enters the canal east of the site of the proposed water-control structure number 5 and that the discharge in the canal at State Highway 475 has been about the same relative to rainfall in the basin since 1963 whether the base flow was derived entirely from natural inseepage or partly from mine pumpage. The study shows that implementation of the proposed project will result in (1) a decrease in surface outflow, (2) an increase in subsurface outflow, (3) a rise in the potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer near the canal and (4) a tendency to increase evapotranspiration and the magnitude of floods in the basin.

Florida↗
USGS1980

Ground-water hydrology of the Dade City area, Pasco County, Florida, with emphasis on the hydrologic effects of pumping from the Floridan aquifer

The Dade City area, northeast Pasco County, Florida, is an area of about 260 square miles. Of the approximately 32 million gallons per day pumped from the Floridan aquifer in the area in 1975, about 16 million gallons per day were pumped from an area of about 0.25 square miles by a citrus processing plant. There are essentially two producing zones in the Floridan aquifer in the Dade City area. The upper zone is from about 10 feet above to about 150 feet below National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 , and the lower zone from about 300 to about 500 feet below NGVD of 1929. There is evidence of hydraulic interconnection of the upper and lower zones of the Floridan aquifer. This appears to be highly significant in terms of the geohydrology of the Floridan aquifer in the area, particularly with regard to its ground-water flow pattern, water quality, and aquifer hydraulic characteristics. In the immediate vicinity of the citrus processing plant, aquifer transmissivity may range from 200,000 to as much as 400,000 feet squared per day. It is probable the Floridan is only semiconfined in the immediate vicinity of the citrus processing plant. High aquifer transmissivity in the area is the reason why there are only a few feet of drawdown of the Floridan 's potentiometric level even near the center of the well field.

Florida↗
USGS1977

Hydrologic considerations in dewatering and refilling Lake Carlton, Orange and Lake Counties, Florida

Lake Carlton straddles the line between Lake and Orange Counties in central Florida. The 382-acre (155-hectare) lake is highly eutrophic and subject to virtually perpetual algal blooms. The Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission has proposed to restore the lake to a less eutrophic state by dewatering the lake long enough to allow the muck on its bottom to dry and compact. Lake Carlton would be permanently sealed off from Lake Beauclair which presently serves as a source of nutrient enriched water for Lake Carlton. On the assumption that the seasonal rainfall would be normal, and that the dewatering phase would begin on March 1, the predicted time required to dewater the lake at a pumping rate of 50,000 gallons (190 cubic meters) per minute is 21 days. The average rate of pumping required to maintain the lake in a dewatered condition is computed to be 2,400 gallons (9.08 cubic meters) per minute. If pumping is ended May 31, the predicted altitude to which the lake would recover by October 31 as a result of net natural input is 56.2 feet (17.1 meters) above sea level. Raising the lake level to 63 feet (19.2 meters) above sea level by October 31 would require that the net natural input be supplemented at an average rate of about 4,860 gallons (18.4 cubic meters) per minute between May 31 and October 31.

Florida↗
USGS1975

Hydrology of three sinkhole basins in southwestern Seminole County, Florida

The southwestern part of Seminole County--in east-central Florida-is characterized by sinkholes formed by the subsidence of surficial deposits into solution cavities in the underlying limestone deposits. The area includes three sinkhole basins created by such subsidence: Cranes Roost, Palm Springs, and Grace Lake. Cranes Roost basin (drainage area, 5.02 square miles) contains a closed drainage system of lakes and swamps--including Lakes Adelaide, Florida, and Mobile--that terminates at Cranes Roost sink. It also contains Lake Orienta and two unnamed sinks which do not overflow into Cranes Roost sink. Palm Springs basin (drainage area, 1.77 square miles) includes Lake Marion, Eleventh Hole Pond, and several small unconnected sinks. Grace Lake basin (drainage area, 1.64 square miles) includes Island Lake which overflows into Grace Lake. The recent spread of urban development has tended to encroach on the flood plains of lakes in these sinkhole basins and cause concern over the flood hazard that results. An investigation was made of the area to document the highest known lake levels, to examine possible effects of urbanization with regard to increasing the flood hazard, and to appraise the possibilities of controlling lake levels to reduce or limit the flood hazard. The highest lake stages of record in the three sinkhole basins occurred in September 1960. Analyses of the hydrologic relations between lake stages, ground-water levels, stream discharges, and rainfall in the area indicated that the lake stages of September 1960 probably were the highest attained since at least 1895. Cultural development that increases the percentage of a sink basin covered by impervious materials will cause more rapid runoff of a larger part of the rainfall in the basin. Thus, as development progresses, lake stages seldom reached under natural conditions may be reached more frequently unless the lake levels are controlled. In Crane Roost basin, the levels of Lakes Mobile, Adelaide, and Florida could be controlled by enlarging their surface outlets and adding control structures; however, such measures might be ineffective unless the level of Cranes Roost also was controlled. The level of Cranes Roost could be controlled by removal of water by pumping or by providing a surface outlet; pumping might be ineffective during extreme wet periods because of the potential for inflow from upstream lakes and the potential for ground-water inflow from the Floridan aquifer. The level of Lake Orienta could be Controlled by removal of water by pumping or by providing a surface outlet. In the Palm Springs sink basin, the levels of Lake Marion and the several small sinks could be controlled by removal of water by pumping or by providing surface outlets. For the several sinks, however, providing a surface outlet would require an extensive excavation and pumping might prove impractical because of seepage induced from the Floridan aquifer. The level of Island Lake--in Grace Lake sink basin-could be controlled by enlarging its surface outlet and providing a control structure. The peak stage of Grace Lake could be reduced by lowering its outlet to the north, but release of water during wet periods might cause downstream flooding.

Florida↗