Search USGS⌕ Search

Geology topics

W.L. Haushild

Publications and source records attributed to W.L. Haushild.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
USGS1978

Evaluation and design of a streamflow-data network in Washington

A method of evaluating the transferability of streamflow information by regional regression analysis was applied in Washington to several streamflow variables. The annual mean and annual standard deviation were chosen to represent the development potential of the water resource, while the mean, standard deviation, and the 50-year recurrence interval of the annual flood series were chosen to represent flood potential. Low-flow characteristics were not used because of the inability to model them by regression analysis. Ephemeral streams in the vicinity of the Columbia Plateau were ignored for the same reason. The results of the study indicate that the standard errors of estimate of the regression relations were good approximations of the medians of the Bayesian distributions of estimates of inaccuracy and that for the streamflow variables used in the study, little if any improvement can be expected in the regression relations by the collection of additional streamflow data. Improved transferability of streamflow information for these variables has a prerequisite of more accurate information-transfer models. It is therefore recommended that the future streamflow-data network contain only those streamflow stations needed to provide data for (1) the design or operation of water-resources projects, (2) the investigation and study of water resources, and (3) monitoring long-term trends in streamflow.

Washington↗
USGS1976

Modeling coliform-bacteria concentrations and pH in the salt-wedge reach of the Duwamish River Estuary, King County, Washington

Total- and fecal-coliform bacteria, plus pH, alkalinity, and dissolved inorganic carbon are water-quality parameters that have been added to an existing numerical model of water quality in the salt-wedge reach of the Duwamish River estuary in Washington. The coliform bacteria are modeled using a first-order decay (death) rate, which is a function of the local salinity, temperature, and daily solar radiation. The pH is computed by solving a set of chemical-equilibrium equations for carbonate-bicarbonate buffered aqueous solutions. Concentrations of total- and fecal-coliform bacteria computed by the model for the Duwamish River estuary during June-September 1971 generally agreed with observed concentrations within about 40 and 60 percent, respectively. The computed pH generally agreed with observed pH within about a 0.2 pH unit; however, for one 3-week period the computed pH was about a 0.4 unit lower than the observed pH. (Woodard-USGS)

Open-File Report↗
USGS1976

Numerical model of the salt-wedge reach of the Duwamish River estuary, King County, Washington

A numerical model of a salt-wedge estuary developed by Fischer (1974) has been expanded and used to calculate the distributions of salinity, temperature, chlorophyll a concentration, biochemical oxygen demand, and dissolved-oxygen concentration in the Duwamish River estuary, King County, Wash. The model was used to predict the dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the Duwamish River estuary when the Renton Treatment Plant sewage-effluent discharge is increased to its proposed maximum of 223 cubic feet per second. The computed monthly average dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the estuary decreased by a maximum of 2 milligrams per liter when compared with computations for the summer of 1971, when the effluent discharge averaged 37 cubic feet per second. The increase in effluent discharge is not expected to cause large changes in phytoplankton concentrations in the estuary. (Woodard-USGS)

Professional Paper↗
USGS1962

Flume studies of the transport of pebbles and cobbles on a sand bed

During experiments on sediment transport and resistance to flow with a uniform 0.33-mm sand , data were recorded on the movement of individual rocks having intermediate diameters from about 0.1 to 0.5 foot. The experiments were conducted in a flume 2 feet wide by 60 feet long and for most runs, depth was held constant at 0.5 foot. The experiments showed that rocks on the sand bed moved downstream consistently only if the flow was in the upper regime - that is, only if the bed forms were plane bed , standing waves, or antidunes. The rocks moved at velocities that were approximately half the average velocity of the water. On all bed forms in the lower flow regime (ripples, ripples superimposed upon dunes, and dunes), the rocks moved upstream and down into the bed . That is, the rocks moved into a scour pocket that formed at the upstream side of the rock. The movement upstream and down into the bed is limited by and approximately equal to the distance below the original rock position of the minimum bed elevation plus approximately half the rock diameter. The data indicate that cross-bedded sand deposits formed by the ripple or dune phases of transport would contain few, if any, pebbles or cobbles . Because the flow, in at least the downstream reaches, of most rivers is in the lower regime, the upstream movement and scour into the bed demonstrated in these experiments is an important factor in the sorting process.

Geological Society of America Bulletin↗