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Ted Arnow

Publications and source records attributed to Ted Arnow.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
USGS2011

International geophysics: Symposium on the hydrology of deltas

A Symposium on the Hydrology of Deltas was held in Bucharest, Romania, on May 6–9; it was followed by a field trip to the delta of the Danube River on May 10–14. The Symposium was organized by Unesco, with the collaboration of the Romanian Government and the support of the International Association of Scientific Hydrology (IASH). The Romanian Government did an excellent job of arranging for airport reception, hotels in Bucharest, a meeting hall for the technical sessions, hospitality sessions, a full side program for wives of delegates, and hotels, meals, and transportation (bus, train, and boat) on the field trip. The Institute of Hydrotechnical Research of the Romanian Government provided most of the support.

Bucharest↗
USGS1990

Hydrologic characteristics of the Great Salt Lake, Utah: 1847-1986

The Great Salt Lake in Utah is a large body of water bordered on the west by barren desert and on the east by a major metropolitan area. It is the fourth largest terminal lake in the world, covering about 2,300 square miles in 1986. Since its historic low elevation of 4,191.35 feet in 1963, the lake rose to a new historic high elevation of 4,211.85 feet in 1986. Most of this increase (12.2 feet) occurred after 1982. The rise has caused $285 million of damage to lakeside industries, transportation, farming, and wildlife. Accompanying the rapid rise in lake level has been a decrease in salinity-from 28 percent in 1963 to about 6 percent in 1986. This has resulted in changes in the biota of the lake from obligate halophiles to opportunistic forms, such as blue-green algae and, most recently, a brackish-water fish.

Utah↗
USGS1986

Program for monitoring the chemical quality of ground water in Utah – Summary of data collected through 1984

The U.S. Geological Survey formally started a program for monitoring ground-water quality in Utah during 1957 in cooperation with the State of Utah. Most observation wells in the monitoring network are privately owned. Initially, the network consisted of fewer than 50 wells; by 1984, however, it had expanded to include more than 200 wells. Chemical analyses are available for water from some of the wells from as early as 1927, long before those wells were formally added to the network. The monitoring program was initiated to detect any changes in chemical quality that might be associated with the withdrawal of water from wells. Dissolved-solids concentrations in water samples collected from the observation wells through 1984 ranged from 92 to 19,000 milligrams per liter. An observation well in the Uinta Basin yielded the sample with the smallest dissolved-solids concentration, and another well in the Uinta Basin yielded the sample with the largest dissolved-solids concentration. There was a progressive increase in salinity of water produced by several of the observation wells in Pahvant Valley and in the Milford and Beryl-Enterprise areas. The increases in salinity occurred during 1950-84, coinciding with the decline of water levels due to pumping for irrigation. Water-quality changes related either to ground-water withdrawals or ground-water recharge also were detected in several other areas, including Curlew Valley, Cedar City Valley, Northern Utah Valley, the lower Bear River valley, and the Sevier Desert. Water produced from wells in Goshen Valley and the upper Fremont River valley had short term increases in chloride, sulfate, and dissolved-solids concentrations, indicating possible local contamination of the ground water. Also, since the late 1950's, dissolved-solids concentrations have increased in water produced by a well completed in the principal aquifer in Salt Lake Valley downgradient from areas where extensive use has been made of road salt.

Utah↗
USGS1985

The continued rise of Great Salt Lake, Utah

The Great Salt Lake rose 5.0 feet from September 25,1983, to July 1, 1984, the second largest seasonal rise on record since 1847. The maximum seasonal rise was observed the previous year when the lake rose 5.1 feet from September 18,1982, to June 30,1983. The lake declined only 0.5 foot during summer 1983; thus, the net rise from September 18,1982, to July 1,1984, was 9.6 feet. By comparison, the previously recorded maximum net rise over a similar period of time was 4.75 feet from 1970 to 1972.

Utah↗
USGS1985

Ground water in Utah - A summary description of the resource and its related physical environment

Ground water is one of Utah’s most extensive and valuable natural resources. Because of its widespread occurrence in both wet and dry areas, ground water has been, and is a major factor affecting economic growth and development of the State. In some areas, ground water is used to supplement streamflow for irrigation, public supply, and other uses. In other areas, it is the only water available for use. Many communities obtain their entire water supply from ground-water sources (wells and springs) as do numerous rural and suburban households throughout the State. The ground-water reservoirs of Utah contain tremendous quantities of water – many times more than the quantity stored in all the lakes (including Great Salt Lake) and the surface-water reservoirs of the State combined. Water that discharges from those underground reservoirs in seeps and springs is vital in sustaining the flow of streams during dry summer months and in providing the water needed to maintain important wetland habitats. Those same underground reservoirs also provide large quantities of water in carryover storage for use during prolonged droughts. The U.S. Geological survey, under cooperative programs with the Utah department of Natural resources and other Federal, State, and local agencies has been studying Utah’s ground-water resources since 1897. Much information has been gained during those studies about the occurrence, availability, and quality of ground water; the withdrawal and use of the water; and the effects of withdrawal. This report summarizes that information in nontechnical language, which is designed for all readers. Readers interested in more detailed information about ground water in specific areas of Utah are referred to the reports listed by LaPray and Hamblin (1980).

Utah↗
USGS1984

Water-level and water-quality changes in Great Salt Lake, Utah, 1847-1983

The surface level of Great Salt Lake, Utah, fluctuates continuously, primarily in response to climatic factors. During 1847-1982 the lake surface fluctuated between a low of about 4,191 feet and a high of about 4,212 feet above sea level but showed no net change. From September 18, 1982, to June 30, 1983, however, the lake rose 5.2 feet-from about 4,200 to about 4,205 feet above sea level-which is the greatest seasonal rise ever recorded. That rise resulted from considerably greater than average rainfall in 1982, greater than average snowfall during the autumn of 1982 through the spring of 1983, and unseasonably cool weather during that spring. Man's activities have had a lesser, but still important effect on the lake level. The lake surface would have been about 5 feet higher in 1983 had there been no consumptive use of water owing to man's activities in the lake basin since 1847. The lake has been divided into two parts by a railroad causeway since 1959. The causeway restricts natural circulation, resulting in a difference of salinity and surface level of the lake across the causeway. The difference in surface level between the two parts of the lake varies both seasonally and annually and was as much as 3.25 feet in 1983. The water budget for the Great Salt Lake can be expressed as: Inflow = Outflow ± Storage change The average annual inflow for 1931-76 was about 2.9 million acre-feet-about 1.9 million acre-feet from surface water, about 900,000 acre-feet from direct precipitation, and about 75,000 acre-feet from ground water. The average annual outflow for the same period, all by evaporation, also was about 2.9 million acre-feet. There was no net change in storage during the period. The famed buoyancy of the brine in Great Salt Lake results from a dissolved-mineral content of almost 5 billion tons. More than 2 million additional tons have been added to the lake annually in recent years. The major dissolved ions in the brine are chloride, sulfate, sodium, magnesium, and potassium. Prior to completion of the railroad causeway, the salinity of the brine varied inversely with the lake level. Since the causeway divided the lake into two parts, the salinity of the brine in the north part has been relatively constant at or close to saturation. The salinity of the brine in the south part has 1 continued to change inversely with the lake level, but the salinity has been less than it would have been without the causeway.

Utah↗
USGS1978

Water budget and water-surface fluctuations, Great Salt Lake, Utah

The water-budget equation for Great Salt Lakes is: Inflow = Outflow + or - Storage change. The average annual inflow for the period 1931-76 was about 2.9 million acre-feet; 1.9 million acre-feet from surface sources, about 900,000 acre-feet from direct precipitation, and about 75,000 acre-feet from ground water. The average annual outflow for the same period, all be evaportion, also was about 2.9 million acre-feet. Storage changes are computed on the basis of changes in the surface level of the lake. During the period of historic record, 1847-1978, the lake surface has fluctuated within a range of about 20 feet but has shown little overall change. The lake surface would have been about 5 feet higher in 1978 than it was in 1947 had there been no consumptive use of water caused by man 's activities in the lake basin. Since 1959 the lake has been divided into two parts by a railroad causeway, which has restricted the natural circulation. This has resulted in a difference of salinity and of surface level across the causeway. The difference in surface level between the two parts of the lake varies seasonally and annually and has been as much as 2.35 feet. (USGS)

Open-File Report↗
USGS1974

Map showing the thickness of loosely packed sediments and the depth to bedrock in the Sugar House quadrangle, Salt Lake County, Utah

This map provides information on the location and distribution of three general types of geologic materials in part of Salt Lake County, including the southeastern part of Salt Lake City, Utah. These materials have different physical properties that are pertinent to comprehensive planning and zoning, land-use studies, and engineering usage. The map should be of use in preliminary studies to determine the depth to different general types of foundation material and to determine the potential for settlement of the ground surface during major earthquakes, which could result in damage to waterlines, gaslines, large buildings, and other major engineering structures. The lines on the map are generalized. Lines showing the thickness of loosely packed sediments are based on drillers’ logs of 27 water wells in and near the 35-square-mile part of the quadrangle west of the mountains – less than one data point for each square mile. Lines showing the depth to bedrock are based on indirect geophysical data, and the data points are more widely scattered. The map may be useful as a general guide in planning, but investigations by qualified specialists should be made for detailed evaluations of specific areas. references to other reports of possible interest to the reader are included at the end of this text.

Utah↗
USGS1974

Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Upper Colorado region

The Upper Colorado Region covers about 113,500 square miles (293,965 km 2 ) in parts of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. Drainage from about 97 percent of the region is to the Colorado River. About 60 percent of the land is owned or administered by the Federal Government, and another 15 percent is in Indian trust. The predominantly arid to semiarid region is sparsely populated (averaging about three persons per square mile, or about two and one-half persons per km 2 ) and is used chiefly for grazing, recreation, and mineral development. The water supply for the region comes from precipitation within the region, which averages about 95 million acre-feet (117,182.5 hm 3 ) per year. Development of the region's water supply has been limited almost entirely to surface water. Only about 2 percent of the total estimated volume of water withdrawn (about 5.7 million acre-ft, or 7,030.9 hm 3 ) and consumed (about 3.6 million acre-ft, or 4,440.6 hm 3 ) in the region in 1970 came directly from ground-water sources. By the year 2020 consumptive use of water within the region and water exports to adjacent regions are expected to total more than 6.5 million acre-feet (8,017.8 hm 3 ) per year. Use of the ground-water resources of the Upper Colorado Region in water-resources management can help to meet these water needs. A tremendous amount of water is stored in the rocks (ground-water reservoirs) of the Upper Colorado Region. Recoverable water in just the upper 100 feet (30.5 m) of saturated rocks is estimated to be as much as 115 million acre-feet (141,852.5 hm 3 ). That amount is nearly four times the total active storage capacity of all surface-water reservoirs in the region. The average annual replenishable supply of the ground-water reservoir is about 4 million acre-feet (4,934 hm 3 ). This amount of water could irrigate about 1.3 million acres (526,1,10 ha) of crops having an annual water requirement of 3 feet per acre (0.9 m/ha), or it could provide about 3,600 million gallons (13,627,440 m 3 ) per day for industrial use. Most of the ground water is in consolidated rocks, which generally yield water to wells slowly. Much of the ground water is saline and, in some places, occurs at great depths. Nevertheless, the ground water is more uniformly distributed than is surface water, both areally and with time; therefore, it can be used advantageously in overall waterresources management. Recent advancements in the field of demineralization and in evaluation and development of ground water make this possible. Options available for use of ground water in water-resources management·in the·region include conjunctive use with surface water or development of ground water as an independent supply. The latter option could be for & perennial supply or for a time-limited supply (mining ground water), depending on the need and the existing ground-water conditions. All options can be carried out so as to meet the requirements of the Colorado River Compact. The options could be implemented to optimally develop the Upper Colorado River Basin's allocation of Colorado River water while meeting the Compact commitments to the Lower Basin.

Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming↗
USGS1971

Water resources of Salt Lake County, Utah

This report is the eighth in a series prepared by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, that describes the water resources of the western basins of Utah. (See fig. 1.) Its purpose is to present available hydrologic data on the Park Valley area, to provide an evaluation of the potential water-resource development of the area, and to identify needed studies that would improve understanding of the area's water supply.

Utah↗
USGS1965

Ground water in Jordan Valley, Salt Lake County, Utah

This article was compiled largely from a technical report on ground-water conditions in the Jordan Valley which was prepared as part of a cooperative program between the Utah State Engineer and the U.S. Geological Survey to study the water resources of Utah. If you would like to read the more detailed technical discusion, see “Geology and Ground-Water Resources of the Jordan Valley, Utah” by I. Wendell Marine and Don Price. It is Water-Resources Bulletin No. 7 of the Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey.

Utah↗
USGS1965

Developing a state water plan: Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1965

This report is the second in a series of annual reports that describe ground-water conditions in Utah. It includes individual discussions of the most important areas of ground-water withdrawal in the State for the claendar year of 1964. Water-level fluctuations, however, are described for the period spring 1964 through spring 1965. The report was prepared cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Water and Power Board. Many of the data used in the preparation of the report were collected by the Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah State Engineer. Some of the data for the number of wells constructed during 1964 were prepared by digital computer from the Utah Resources Information System data bank, University of Utah, using records that were compiled from the files of the Utah State Engineer.

Utah↗
USGS1964

Developing a state water plan: Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1964

This report is the first in a series of annual reports which will describe ground-water conditions in Utah. It was prepared cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Water and Power Board and was designed to provide the data for interested parties, such as legislators, administrators, and planners to keep abreast of changing ground-water conditions in the state. Because this report is the first of the series, it necessarily includes certain background and descriptive information which gives a broad general picture of ground-water conditions. Subsequent reports will discuss only changes that have taken place during the previous year. Many of the data used in the preparation of the report were collected by the Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah State Engineer during past and continuing programs. The well-location map and some statistical information about numbers of wells in the State were prepared by digital computer from the Utah Resources Information System, University of Utah, utilizing records which were compiled largely from the files of the Utah State Engineer. R.E. Marsell, geological consultant to the Utah Water and Power Board, first suggested that this report be prepared.

Utah↗
USGS1964

Developing a State Water Plan: A basic water resource data program for Utah

Reliable data on Utah's water resources are essential to development of a State Water plan. While the need for such data was outlined in the report entitles "Developing a State Water Plan - Utah's water resources, problems, and needs - A challenge" published by the Utah Water and Power Board and Utah State University in 1963, the discussion was, of necessity, brief. Further definition and scheduling of data collection and related investigations were known to be needed. The report which follows was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of that agency's cooperative program with the State of Utah. It outlines, in greater detail, what the Geological Survey feels is an appropriate long-range program of investigations to provide part of the basic data which will be needed during the course of the State's water planning program. Some of these investigations already are underway, and others will be undertaken in the immediate future.

Utah↗
USGS1963

Ground-water geology of Bexar County, Texas

The investigation in Bexar County was part of a comprehensive study of a large area in south-central Texas underlain by the Edwards and associated limestones (Comanche Peak and Georgetown) of Cretaceous age. The limestones form an aquifer which supplies water to the city of San Antonio, several military installations, many industrial plants, and many irrigated farms. The geologic formations that yield water to wells in Bexar County are sedimentary rocks of Mesozoic and Cenozoic age. The rocks strike northeastward and dip southeastward toward the Gulf of Mexico. In the northern part of the county, in an erosional remnant of the Edwards Plateau, the rocks are nearly flat and free from faulting. In the central and southern parts of the county, however, the rocks dip gulfward at gentle to moderately steep angles and are extensively faulted in the Balcones and Mexia fault zones. Individual faults or shatter zones were traced as much as 25 miles; the maximum displacement is at least 600 feet. In general, the formations are either monoclinal or slightly folded; in the western part of the county the broad Culebra anticline plunges southwestward. Most of the large-capacity wells in Bexar County draw water from the Edwards and associated limestones, but a few draw from the Glen Rose limestone, the Austin chalk, and surficial sand and gravel. The Hosston formation, Glen Rose limestone, Buda limestone, and Austin chalk, all of Cretaceous age, generally yield small to large supplies of water; the Wilcox group and Carrizo sand of Tertiary age yield moderate supplies and alluvium of Pleistocene and Recent age generally yield small supplies. The Edwards and associated limestones are recharged primarily by groundwater underflow into Bexar County from the west, and secondarily by seepage from streams that cross the outcrop of the aquifer in Bexar County. During the period 1934-47 the recharge to the aquifer in Bexar County is estimated to have averaged between 400,000 and 430,000 acre-feet per year. Discharge from the aquifer takes place by means of wells and springs and by underflow into Comal and Guadalupe Counties on the northeast. During the period 1934-47 the estimated average discharge from wells and springs was about 174,000 acre-feet per year. The discharge by underflow out of the county during the same period is estimated to have averaged between 220,000 and 260,000 acre-feet per year. Probably only a small amount of water moves downdip southeast of San Antonio. The presence of highly mineralized water in that area suggests that the circulation of water is poor because of the low permeability of the aquifer. During the period 1934-56 the discharge from the Edwards and associated limestones greatly exceeded the recharge; consequently, water levels in wells declined. The decline was greatest in the northwestern part of the county, where the water levels in wells dropped as much as 100 feet. The decline was progressively less toward the east, averaging 40 feet along the Bexar-Comal County line. The area of the greatest concentration of discharge, which includes San Antonio and extends to the southwest and northeast, coincides with the area of maximum faulting and maximum recorded yields from wells and is not the area of greatest decline. The ability of the Edwards and associated limestones to transmit and store water in the San Antonio area apparently is so great that the discharge from wells results in much smaller declines of water level than do similar or even smaller discharges in other areas. The water from the Edwards is almost uniformly a calcium bicarbonate water of good quality, although hard. In the southern part of the San Antonio area the water is charged with hydrogen sulfide; farther downdip it becomes highly mineralized.

Water Supply Paper↗