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USGS1985

CROSS-SHORE TRANSPORT OF BIMODAL SANDS.

Foreshore sediment level and sediment size were monitored as part of an extensive nearshore processes experiment - DUCK 82. Changes in foreshore texture were compared with computed values of onshore transported material based on current measurements from the surf zone and sediment transport theory. Preliminary results indicate reasonable agreement between predicted size of sediment transported onshore and beach texture changes. It is also demonstrated that coarse sediment may move onshore while finer material may simultaneously move offshore. Refs.

Conference Paper↗

USGS1983

Map showing coastal morphology of the northern Bering Sea coast of Alaska

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Open-File Report↗

USGS1981

Swash mark and grain flow

Swash marks composed entirely of coarse sand are commonly found on coarse-sand beaches. These swash marks are 10 to 30 centimeters in width and a few millimeters to one centimeter in height. Previous observations, mostly on finer-sand beaches, indicate swash marks are seldom over a few millimeters in height and are commonly composed of material readily floated by surface tension (e.g., mica flakes and shell fragments). Swash marks composed of coarse sand have both fining seaward and fining with depth trends in grain size. Apparently, the leading margin of a wave upwash drives a highly concentrated flow of grains in which both grain size and grain velocity decrease with depth. Therefore, large grains are transported at greater velocities than are smaller grains. Thus, at the maximum advance of an upwash, a swash mark is deposited which has the observed fining seaward and fining with depth trends in grain size.

Journal of Sedimentary Petrology↗