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S.E. Hammond

Publications and source records attributed to S.E. Hammond.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
USGS1989

Comparison of sediment transport formulas and computation of sediment discharges for the North Fork Toutle and Toutle rivers, near Mount St. Helens, Washington

This preliminary report presents results of computations using twelve different sediment discharge formulas along with data from two data collection sites in the Toutle River basin. Output from six bed material discharge formulas and six bedload discharge formulas was considered. The results of the computations are presented graphically for comparison purposes only. In addition to output from the formulas, the results from suspended-sediment samples and several bedload measurements using a Helley-Smith type bedload sampler are presented. No interpretation of the output is provided. (USGS)

Open-File Report↗
USGS1989

Selected water-quality characteristics and flow of ground water in the San Luis basin, including the Conejos River subbasin, Colorado and New Mexico

Chemical analyses of water from 99 wells and 19 springs in the San Luis basin in Colorado and New Mexico were evaluated to determine selected water quality characteristics as an aid in understanding the flow of groundwater in the basin. The evaluation shows that the distribution of chemical water types in the basin is consistent with chemical changes to be expected along flow paths in rocks typical of those in the basin. The San Luis basin area is underlain by a surficial (< 100-ft-thick) unconfined aquifer and, in turn, by a confining bed and a deeper confined aquifer. Previous studies have indicated that the groundwater system is recharged around the edges of the basin and that groundwater then moves toward discharge areas in the topographically closed part of the basin and along principal streams. The evaluation of water quality data showed that groundwater at the perimeter of the San Luis basin is primarily a calcium bicarbonate type, which is typical in recharge areas. Groundwater near the center of the basin is primarily a sodium bicarbonate type, which is typical of groundwater in downgradient areas. The change in principal cation from calcium to sodium indicates chemical evolution of the water along the groundwater flow path and supports previously developed concepts of groundwater movement in the basin. The exchange of calcium for sodium along the flow path also is assumed to occur in the Conejos River subbasin. Upgradient wells yield calcium bicarbonate type water, whereas downgradient wells yield sodium bicarbonate type water. However, an exception to this relation is found at McIntire Spring, which yields calcium bicarbonate type water from a downgradient location. The source of water discharging from the spring may be the confined aquifer, with hydraulic connection along the Manassa fault. The concentration of dissolved solids in water from both the unconfined and confined aquifers increases downgradient. The increase is dramatic in the closed basin, ranging from < 500 mg/L to > 30 ,000 mg/L. In this area, the normal increase in concentration by dissolution of minerals along the flow path is exceeded by the increase due to evapotranspiration from the shallow water table. (Lantz-PTT)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1985

Selected hydrologic data for the south Platte River through Denver, Colorado

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the cities of Littleton and Englewood, Colorado, studied the effects of the discharge of treated effluent from the Bi-City Waste Water Treatment Plant on low-flow conditions of the South Platte River. An 18-mile reach of the South Platte River, beginning below Chatfield Reservoir, through the Denver metropolitan area was studied. Chatfield Reservoir was used to regulate the flow of the South Platte River on four occasions between October 1982 and January 1984. Each flow-regulation period was used to achieve a stable, low-flow condition. Data collection during low flow allowed for the study of waste assimilation during both warm- and cold-water conditions. Water quality, streamflow, channel geometry, traveltime, mixing-zone, reaeration, and benthic-oxygen demand data were collected at selected instream, tributary, and effluent sites. This report presents data collected during four periods of low flow along the South Platte River. (USGS)

Open-File Report↗