Water-table map of Walworth County, Wisconsin, 1973
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Geology topics
Ronald G. Borman
Publications and source records attributed to Ronald G. Borman.
Map showing thickness of unconsolidated materials of Walworth County, Wisconsin
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Ground-water resources and geology of Walworth County, Wisconsin
Population growth in Walworth County, Wisconsin, requires an increasing amount of ground water. Good quality water is available from the sand-and gravel, Niagara, Galena-Platteville, and sandstone aquifers in the county. As much as 15 gallons per minute (0.95 liters per second) can be obtained from individual wells almost everywhere in the county. Well yields of 1,000 gallons per minute (63 liters per second) are available from glacial drift where it contains sufficient thickness of saturated sand and gravel. The sand-and-gravel aquifer is an important source of municipal water. Estimated well yields from most of the Niagara aquifer, a Silurian age dolomite as thick as 125 feet (38.1 meters), exceed 100 gallons per minute (6.3 liters per second). The Niagara aquifer occurs in the eastern third of the county. The Galena-Platteville aquifer, chiefly dolomite, is present in the western half of the county where it is as thick as 325 feet (99.1 meters). Estimated yields from this aquifer exceed 500 gallons per minute (32 liters per second). The sandstone aquifer underlies the entire county and ranges from less than 800 feet (240 meters) thick in the northwest corner to more than 2,200 feet (670 meters) in the east. This aquifer is capable of yielding 1,000 gallons per minute (63 liters per second) to individual wells and is a principal source of municipal water.
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Ground-water resources and geology of St. Croix County, Wisconsin
The increasing need for good-quality ground water in St. Croix County, caused by a steadily increasing population, can be met from the sand-and-gravel and sandstone aquifers. As much as 15 gallons per minute (0.95 litres per second) can be obtained from wells almost everywhere in the county. Yields of more than 1,000 gallons per minute (63 litres per second) are available from glacial deposits and alluvium where there is sufficient thickness of saturated sand and gravel. The sandstone aquifer underlies the entire county and is more than 1,000 feet (300 metres) thick in the southwest near River Falls. In St. Croix County the sandstone aquifer is all bedrock younger than Precambrian age and includes, in ascending order, from oldest to youngest, sandstones of Cambrian age (in ascending order, the Mount Simon, Eau Claire, Galesville, and Franconia Sandstones, and the Trempealeau Formation); and the Prairie du Chien Group, St. Peter Sandstone, and Galena-Platteville unit (Platteville and Decorah Formations and Galena Dolomite, undifferentiated), all of Ordovician age. This aquifer is capable of yielding more than 1,000 gallons per minute (63 litres per second) to wells in much of the county and is the principal source of municipal water. The chemical quality of water from the two aquifers is similar. The water from both aquifers is hard to very hard, having a median hardness between 180 and 190 milligrams per litre. Iron and manganese are locally present in botherSome amounts (combined total exceeding 0.3 milligrams per litre). Nitrate is a minor problem in both aquifers, with median concentrations more than 10 milligrams per litre, possibly indicating some contamination of ground water by organic matter. About 3.83 million gallons per day (0.168 cubic metres per second) of ground water was pumped in the county in 1974, of which 94 percent was from the sandstone aquifer. About 44 percent of the total water pumped was for industrial and commercial use, 42 percent for residential
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Ground-water resources and geology of Jefferson County, Wisconsin
A steadily increasing population in Jefferson County, Wisconsin, is expanding the need for good-quality ground water. This need can be met by good-quality water available from the sand-and-gravel, Galena-Platteville, and sandstone aquifers. As much as 15 gallons per minute (0.95 liters per second) can be obtained from wells almost everywhere in the county. Yields of more than 1,000 gallons per minute (63 liters per second) are available from glacial drift where it contains a sufficient thickness of saturated sand and gravel. The Galena-Platteville aquifer is a dolomite that occurs mainly in the eastern one-half of the county and is locally more than 300 feet (90 meters) thick. Estimated well yields from this aquifer exceed 500 gallons per minute (32 liters per second). The sandstone aquifer underlies nearly the entire county except for small areas in the northwest corner. It is more than 1,100 feet (330 meters) thick in the southwest along the Dane-Jefferson County line. This aquifer is capable of yielding more than 1,000 gallons per minute (63 liters per second) to wells in much of the county and is the principal source of municipal water. The chemical quality of water from the three aquifers is similar. The water is very hard, having a median hardness between 315 and 325 milligrams per liter. Median values for dissolved solids range between 325 and 349 milligrams per liter. Iron and manganese commonly are present in bothersome amounts (combined total exceeding 0.3 milligrams per liter. About 13.0 million gallons per day (0.570 cubic meters per second) of ground water was pumped in the county in 1972, 87 percent from the sandstone aquifer. About 62 percent of the total water pumped was for industrial and commercial purposes, 26 percent for residential use, and 12 percent for municipal, irrigation, and institutional use.
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Water resources of Wisconsin: Lower Wisconsin River basin
This report describes the physical environment, availability, distribution, movement, quality, and use of water in the upper Wisconsin River basin as an aid in planning and water management. The report presents general information on the basin derived from data obtained from Federal, State, and local agencies, New field data were collected in areas where information was lacking. More detailed studies of problem areas may be required in the future, as water needs and related development increase. The upper Wisconsin River basin is the headwaters of the Wisconsin River drainage and includes about 2,730 square miles in northern Wisconsin (upstream from the gage on the Wisconsin River at Merrill). An additional 50 square miles of the basin lies in Michigan and is not covered by this report. The report area includes parts of Forest, Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Price, Taylor, and Vilas Counties, Many organizations and persons assisted the study by providing data. Among the contributors were the University of Wisconsin-Extension, Geological and Natural History Survey, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the Public Service Commission of Wisconsin, and the Wisconsin Valley Improvement Company, Municipal water officials furnished water-supply information and well records, Many individuals allowed access to their wells for water-level measurements and collection of water samples for chemical analysis.
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Water resources of Wisconsin — Trempealeau-Black River basin
The purpose of this report is to describe the physical environment, availability, characteristics, distribution, movement, and quality of water in the lower Wisconsin River basin. In addition, water use and water problems are summarized to aid in water management within the basin. Detailed water studies will be necessary as the need for specific information increases. The lower Wisconsin River basin, as used in this report, includes all of the drainage area of the Wisconsin River downstream from the U.S. Geological Survey gaging station near Wisconsin Dells. It has an area of approximately 3,780 square miles, 6.7 percent of the State, and consists of all or parts of 11 counties in southwestern Wisconsin.
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Hydrologic characteristics of Alder Creek, Iron County, Wisconsin
The purpose of this study was to determine the hydrologic characteristics of Alder Creek, Iron County, Wisconsin, which are needed by water-resource planners to evaluate a reservoir site proposed by the Whitecap Mountain Corporation on Alder Creek. The hydrologic characteristics estimated were the mean flows, low flows, flood peaks, suspended-sediment discharge, and depth to bedrock. Also included is an estimate of the time required to fill the proposed reservoir. The study was done in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
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