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USGS1997

Longitudinal patterns in abundance of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in the upper Mississippi River

We assessed the abundance of zebra mussels in the upper Mississippi River during 1995, four years after they were first found in the river. Samplers were deployed from May 30 to October 19, 1995, at 19 lock and dam facilities in the upper Mississippi River from Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Muscatine, Iowa. Zebra mussels were found at every lock and dam except the two sites farthest upstream (Minneapolis). Generally, densities of zebra mussels were greatest at sites 161 km and farther downstream of the Minneapolis area. The greatest mean mussel density was 11,432/m 2 at Fulton, Illinois.

Journal of Freshwater Ecology↗

USGS1955

Isotopic composition and distribution of lead, uranium, and thorium in a Precambrian granite

The isotopic compositions and concentrations of lead and uranium have been determined in some separated minerals and the composite of a granite from Monmouth township, Haliburton County, Ontario. The chemical and mass spectrometric methods that were used are described. The age of the zircon from the granite is 1050 million years. Much of the lead, uranium, and thorium exists in chemically unstable and presumably interstitial phases of the granite. A comparison of the observed amounts of uranium, thorium, and lead in the various minerals with those amounts that should have been present, had these three elements existed within the minerals as closed systems, shows a non-balance of these elements in every case. It appears that the granite as a whole has closely approximated a closed system since it was formed with respect to uranium and its decay products, but has been an open system with respect to thorium and its decay products. Interpretations concerning the relationship of these data to lead ores are discussed.

GSA Bulletin↗