Geology topics
R.F. Carter
Publications and source records attributed to R.F. Carter.
Low-flow profiles of the upper Chattahoochee River and tributaries in Georgia
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Low-flow profiles of the upper Savannah and Ogeechee Rivers and tributaries in Georgia
Low flow information is provided for use in an evaluation of the capacity of streams to permit withdrawals or to accept waste loads without exceeding the limits of State water quality standards. The purpose of this report is to present the results of a compilation of available low flow data in the form of tables and ' 7Q10 flow profiles ' (minimum average flow for 7 consecutive days with a 10-yr recurrence interval)(7Q10 flow plotted against distance along a stream channel) for all streams reaches of the Upper Savannah and Ogeechee Rivers and tributaries where sufficient data of acceptable accuracy are available. Drainage area profiles are included for all stream basins larger than 5 sq mi, except for those in a few remote areas. This report is the third in a series of reports that will cover all stream basins north of the Fall Line in Georgia. It includes the Georgia part of the Savannah River basin from its headwaters down to and including McBean Creek, and Brier Creek from its headwaters down to and including Boggy Gut Creek. It also includes the Ogeechee River from its headwaters down to and including Big Creek, and Rocky Comfort Creek (tributary to Ogeechee River) down to the Glascock-Jefferson County line. Flow records were not adjusted for diversions or other factors that cause measured flows to represent other than natural flow conditions. The 7-day minimum flow profile was omitted for stream reaches where natural flow was known to be altered significantly. (Lantz-PTT)
Low-flow profiles of the Tennessee River tributaries in Georgia
Low flow information is provided for use in an evaluation of the capacity of streams to permit withdrawals or to accept waste loads without exceeding the limits of State water quality standards. The purpose of this report is to present the results of a compilation of available low flow data in the form of tables and '7Q10 flow profiles' (minimum average flow for 7 consecutive days with a 10-yr recurrence interval) (7Q10 flow plotted against distance along a stream channel) for all stream reaches of the Tennessee River tributaries where sufficient data of acceptable accuracy are available. Drainage area profiles are included for all stream basins larger than 5 sq mi, except for those in a few remote areas. This report is the fifth in a series of reports that will cover all stream basins north of the Fall Line in Georgia. It includes the parts of the Tennessee River basin in Georgia. Flow records were not adjusted for diversions or other factors that cause measured flows to represent other than natural flow conditions. The 7-day minimum flow profile was omitted for stream reaches where natural flow was known to be altered significantly. (Lantz-PTT)
Low-flow profiles of the Tallapoosa River and tributaries in Georgia
Low flow information is provided for use in an evaluation of the capacity of streams to permit withdrawals or to accept waste loads without exceeding the limits of State water quality standards. The report is the fourth in a series of reports presenting the results of a low flow study of all stream basins north of the Fall Line in Georgia. This report covers the part of the Tallapoosa River basin in the Piedmont province of Georgia. The low flow characteristic presented is the minimum average flow for 7 consecutive days with a 10-year recurrence interval (7Q10). The data are presented in tables and shown graphically as ' low flow profiles ' (low flow plotted against distance along a stream channel), and as ' drainage area profiles ' (drainage area plotted against distance along a stream channel). Low flow profiles were constructed by interpolation or extrapolation from points of known low flow data. Low flow profiles are included for all stream reaches where low flow data of sufficient accuracy are available to justify computation of the profiles. Drainage area profiles are included for all stream basins > 5 sq mi, except for those in a few remote areas. Flow records were not adjusted for diversions or other factors that cause measured flows to represent conditions other than natural flow. (Author 's abstract)
Low-flow profiles of the upper Ocmulgee and Flint rivers in Georgia
This report provides low-flow information for use in evaluating the capacity of streams to supply withdrawals or to accept waste loads from potential new industries without exceeding the limits of State water-quality standards. The report is the first phase of a study of all stream basins north of the Fall Line in Georgia. It covers the Piedmont part if the Ocmulgee and Flint River basins. The low-flow characteristic presented is the minimum average flow for 7 consecutive days with a 10-year recurrence interval. The data are presented graphically as low-flow profiles (low flow as a function of distance along a stream channel) and as drainage-area profiles (drainage area as a function of distance along a stream channel). Low-flow profiles were constructed by interpolation or extrapolation from points of known low-flow data. Low-flow profiles are included for all stream reaches where low-flow data of sufficient accuracy are available to justify computation of the profiles. Drainage-area profiles are included for all stream basins larger than 5 sq mi. Flow records were not adjusted for diversions or other factors that cause measured flows to represent other than natural flow conditions. Profiles for 7-day minimum flows are omitted for stream reaches where natural flow is known to be significantly altered. (Author 's abstract)
Effects of the drought of 1980-81 on streamflow and on ground-water levels in Georgia
The 1980-81 drought resulted in the lowest rates of streamflow since 1954 in most areas of Georgia, and the lowest since 1925 in some areas. Over most of the State, minimum average streamflows for periods of 1, 7, 30, 60, 90, and 183 consecutive days receded to low levels estimated to be reached at average intervals of 10 to 25 years. Flows in the Flint River from central to southwest Georgia receded to levels estimated to be reached at average intervals of 70 years. Pool levels at four major reservoirs receded to the lowest levels since the reservoirs were first filled. Ground-water levels declined below the lowest levels previously observed in many observation wells. Nearly continuous declines were recorded in some wells for as much as 20 consecutive months, and levels remained below the previous minimum level of record for as much as 9 consecutive months. (USGS)
Monthly low-flow characteristics of Georgia streams
Statistics of monthly minimum flows are presented for 129 streamflow stations for each month of the year. Flow statistics provided are the log-Pearson Type III distribution. The probable magnitude of average standard errors due to time-sampling bias is tabulated. The average standard errors were found to be similar over a wide area comprising approximately the northern two-thirds of the State. In this area, the average standard error of estimate for a low-flow statistic with a recurrence interval of 20 years and estimated on the basis of 10 years of record is about 17%. In the southern third of the State, the average standard errors were found to lie in a narrow range, but were significantly greater than in the north. In the southern area, the average standard error of estimate for a low flow statistic with a recurrence interval of 20 years and estimated on the basis of 10 years of record is about 40%. (USGS)
Low-flow frequency of Georgia streams
This report contains analyses of low-flow data and tabulations of computed low-flow frequency for all stream sites in Georgia where suitable flow records have been collected. These include 134 continuous-record gaging stations and 102 partial-record gaging stations. Frequency records for gaging stations with short records have been adjusted where possible to more closely represent results that would have been obtained from longer records. Variations in time and place of low-flow characteristics, per unit of drainage area, are demonstrated. Low flows for 7 consecutive days with a 10-year recurrence interval vary from 0 to more than 1.0 cubic feet per second per square mile [(ft 3 /s)/mi 2 ]. In the Blue Ridge province in the northern part of the State, unit low flows range from 0.3 to 0.8 (ft 3 /s)/mi 2 ; in the Valley and Ridge province in the northwest they range from 0.05 to 0.04 (ft 3 /s)/mi 2 ; and in the Piedmont province they range from 0.1 to 1.1 (ft 3 /s)/mi 2 . There is a contrast in unit rates of low flow between the upper zone of the Coastal Plain where most flows are high, and the lower zone where most flows are low. Flows in the upper zone are in the range of 0.1 to 1.1 (ft 3 /s)/mi 2 , but in the lower zone only the largest streams have appreciable flow during low-flow periods.
Low-flow characteristics of the upper Flint River, Georgia
Low-flow data for locations on the main stem and for low-flow contributions of tributaries are analyzed and plotted as "flow profiles" for several different historical events on the upper Flint River in Georgia, for the reach from the vicinity of Griffin down to the vicinity of Culloden. Also shown as a flow profile are minimum average 7-day flows to be expected at the 10-year recurrence interval.
Evaluation of the surface-water data program in Georgia
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