Distribution of modern benthic foraminifers on the New Jersey Outer Continental Shelf
We used samples from 21 stations within a 600 km2 area of the New Jersey Outer Continental Shelf to assess the effects of a hydrodynamic environment on the distribution and redistribution of benthic foraminifers. These samples show that, although the predominant genera (Elphidium, Cibicides, and Saccammina) are the same as those reported by other investigators for this region, the environmental factors that control the generic distribution are more complex than were previously postulated. Generic distribution patterns derived from this study are correlated with the bottom topography and sediment distribution as well as the temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen concentrations of the bottom waters. The six predominant species observed in the samples (and their phenotypic variants) are cryophilic forms known to occur in the Virginian and Nova Scotian biogeographic provinces and in Arctic waters. Species distribution patterns also correlate well with bottom topography and hydrographic factors, but may be modified by seasonal fluctuations in test production and by redistribution of dead tests. At most stations, specimens of Elphidium subarcticum were attached to quartz grains. This phenomenon, which has not been reported before, probably is an adaptation to a high-energy environment. The distribution pattern of Elphidium subarcticum along with those of the sessile species Webbinella concava and Vasiglobulina n.sp. corroborate sedimentological evidence that the accumulation of modern sediments in the area is negligible.