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Geology topics

R. C. Cipriano

Publications and source records attributed to R. C. Cipriano.

71 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
USGS1985

Comparative sensitivities of diagnostic procedures used to detect bacterial kidney disease in salmonid fishes

Kidney and spleen homogenates from each of 60 coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) and steelhead trout ( Salmo gairdneri ) were examined for detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum . The proportions of positives differed widely with the detection procedures used: in coho salmon, 5% were positive by the Gram-stain procedure, 10% by the direct fluorescent antibody test, 48% by bacteriological isolation, 65% by staphylococcal coagglutination, and 73% by counterimmunoelectrophoresis; in steelhead trout, 3% were positive by Gram-stain, 8.3% by fluorescent antibody, 17% by bacteriological isolation, and 67% by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Renibacterium salmoninarum was not detected in either coho salmon or steelhead trout by immunodiffusion analysis.

Journal of Wildlife Diseases↗
USGS1985

Detection of Vibrio anguillarum antigen by the dot blot assay

The dot blot assay, modified and adapted for detection of antigens from Vibrio anguillarum in fish tissues, was specific for V. anguillarum and did not react with antigens of V. ordalii , Pseudomonas sp., or Yersinia ruckeri . The blot assay enabled detection of as little as 2.3 ng of a mixture of protein antigens obtained from cell-free extracts of V. anguillarum ; it was about 100 times more sensitive than either the indirect fluorescent antibody technique or bacterial isolation for detecting V. anguillarum in fish tissues.

Journal of Wildlife Diseases↗
USGS1983

Resistance of salmonids to Aeromonas salmonicida: Relation between agglutinins and neutralizing activities

Serum of furunculosis‐resistant rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri, when injected into brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, increased resistance of the brook trout to virulent challenges of Aeromonas salmonicida, the furunculosis pathogen. Serum from susceptible Atlantic salmon Salmo salar did not confer passive resistance on brook trout although natural agglutinin titers in Atlantic salmon serum were equal to those in rainbow trout. Further analyses indicated that rainbow trout serum neutralized toxic components produced by A. salmonicida, but that Atlantic salmon serum did not. When 11 strains of rainbow trout were challenged with 10 9 virulent cells of A. salmonicida, a range of mortality from 0 to 83% resulted. Although no correlation was observed between the natural serum agglutinin level of a particular strain and its relative resistance to experimental pathogen challenge, an inverse relation was apparent between cytotoxic serum‐neutralization activity and resistance to furunculosis.

Transactions of the American Fisheries Society↗
USGS1982

Furunculosis in brook trout: Infection by contact exposure

In juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) challenged by applying about 10 9 virulent Aeromonas salmonicida cells to an abraded area along the lateral line, or held in aquarium water containing about 10 5 cells per milliliter, mortalities were 50 and 60%, respectively, within 7 days after exposure. Neither feeding the bacterium to the fish nor applying it directly to the gills caused systemic bacterial infection. Two consistent experimental challenges were developed for inducing furunculosis in juvenile brook trout: (1) 15‐min contact (bath) exposures of trout to about 10 6 A. salmonicida cells per milliliter of spring water, and (2) 60‐s dip exposures of the fish to 10 9 A. salmonicida cells per milliliter. These challenge procedures produced 70‐100% and 74‐88% mortality, respectively, within 14 days after exposure. Results obtained with a strain of brook trout from Owhi Lake, Washington, by the dip exposure method were affected by neither the age of the fish (up to 1 year) nor the source of the population. The challenge was also effective for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) but not for rainbow trout (S. gairdneri).

Progressive Fish-Culturist↗
USGS1982

Immersion and injection vaccination of salmonids against furunculosis with an avirulent strain of Aeromonas salmonicida

Replicate groups of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) immunized by intraperitoneal injection of graded dilutions of an avirulent strain of Aeromonas salmonicida were protected from a virulent challenge. Mean mortality after challenge was 88% in control trout, 66% in trout immunized with 3 × 10 6 or 3 × 10 5 cells, and 39% in trout immunized with 3 × 10 4 to 3 × 10¹ cells. In brook trout challenged after immersion for 60 s in a culture containing 2.3 × 10 9 avirulent cells of A. salmonicida per milliliter, mortality was 44%, compared with 94% in controls. In Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), similarly vaccinated by immersion, mortality was 12.5% after challenge compared with 87.5% in controls. In additional studies, mean mortality of Atlantic salmon vaccinated by immersion was 14%, whereas that of control salmon was 92%.

Progressive Fish-Culturist↗