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N.C. Koch

Publications and source records attributed to N.C. Koch.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
USGS1988

Water resources of Miner County, South Dakota

Miner County is a rural agricultural area of 572 sq mi in east-central South Dakota. All streams in the county are intermittent and usually are recharged only from spring snowmelt and precipitation. Most ponds and sloughs may go dry in summer and during drought conditions, while larger lakes and ponds will contain water year round. Three major confined glacial aquifers underlie Miner County. The Floyd aquifer, buried beneath 25-150 ft of glacial drift, ranges from 10-100 ft in thickness. Water levels in the Floyd range from flowing to 56 ft below land surface. Properly constructed wells in the aquifer may produce as much as 1,200 gal/min. The Floyd aquifer offers the greatest potential for irrigation or other large yield development. Predominant chemical constituents in water from the Floyd aquifer are sodium, calcium and sulfate; however, there is a wide variation in the chemical composition of the water. For the most part it is suitable for irrigation. The Howard aquifer, is buried beneath 80-350 ft of glacial drift and ranges from 4-170 ft in thickness. Water levels in the Howard aquifer range from 16-200 ft below land surface. The Ramona aquifer underlies about 70 sq mi and is buried beneath 25-170 ft of glacial drift and ranges from 4-32 ft in thickness. Water levels in the Ramona range from 10-105 ft below land surface. Four bedrock aquifers underlie Miner County. The uppermost aquifer is the Niobrara Formation, buried by 60-600 ft of Pierre Shale and/or glacial drift with a thickness ranging from 10-120 ft. Water levels in the aquifer range from 6 ft above land surface to 200 ft below land surface. The Codell Sandstone Member of the Carlile Shale which underlies the Niobrara Formation is at depths ranging from 120-720 ft below land surface. It ranges from 10-120 ft in thickness. Water levels in the Codell aquifer range from flowing at land surface to 235 ft below land surface. Water from the aquifer generally is not suitable for irrigation. The Dakota Formation is buried by 400-1,000 ft of bedrock and glacial drift and is separated from the Codell aquifer by overlying carbonate rock and shale. The Dakota aquifer ranges from 10-400 ft in thickness. Water levels in the aquifer range from 25 ft above land surface to 260 ft below land surface. Water from the aquifer generally is not suitable for irrigation. (Lantz-PTT)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1987

Records of wells and chemical analyses of ground water in Campbell County, South Dakota

Well and chemical groundwater data contained in two tables were collected during a 3-yr study started in 1964 to determine the geology and water resources of Campbell County, South Dakota. Physical, hydrologic, and geologic data for 631 wells and test holes have been entered into computer storage in the Groundwater Site Inventory File of the U.S. Geological Survey 's National Water Data Storage and Retrieval System (WATSTORE). The well table in the report is a computer printout from WATSTORE. Water quality data from 257 chemical analyses have been stored in the Water Quality File of WATSTORE and is computer printed in the chemical table by aquifer. (USGS)

Open-File Report↗
USGS1987

Records of wells and chemical analyses of ground water in Hand and Hyde counties, South Dakota

Well and chemical groundwater data contained in three tables were collected during a 4-year study started in 1972 to determine the geology and water resources of Hand and Hyde Counties, South Dakota. Physical, hydrologic, and geologic data for 2,729 wells and test holes have been entered into computer storage in the Groundwater Site Inventory File of the U.S. Geological Survey 's National Water Data Storage and Retrieval System WATSTORE. Water quality data from 300 chemical analyses has been stored in the Water Quality File of WATSTORE and is computer printed int he chemical analyses table by aquifer. (USGS)

Open-File Report↗
USGS1984

Simulated artificial recharge in the Big Sioux Aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota

The Big Sioux aquifer in Minnehaha County is a water-table aquifer hydraulically connected to the Big Sioux River. A digital-computer model previously developed by the U.S. Geological Survey was used to simulate potential effects of artificial recharge on the aquifer. A simulation was made by recharging water at the rate of 870 gallons per minute for four 30-day periods. Total water recharged to the aquifer during the 120 days was 150.3 million gallons. About 24.4 million gallons of water discharged from the aquifer to the river during the 120-day recharge period and about 30 million gallons discharged from the aquifer to the river during three 30-day recovery periods, both as a result of the artificial recharge, therefore, a total of 54.4 million gallons or 36 percent of the 150.3 million gallons that was artificially recharged from the aquifer to the river. (USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1982

A digital-computer model of the Big Sioux aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota

A finite-difference digital model was used to simulate steady-state conditions of the Big Sioux aquifer in Minnehaha County. Average water levels and average base flow discharge (4.9 cu ft/s) of the Big Sioux River were based on data from 1970 through 1979. The computer model was calibrated for transient conditions by simulating monthly historic conditions for 1976. During 1976, pumpage was offset mostly by surface-water recharge to the aquifer from January through June and ground-water discharge from storage from July through December. Measured drawdowns during 1976 generally were less than 2 feet except in the Sioux Falls city well field where drawdowns were as much as 15 feet. The model was used to study the effects of increased withdrawals under three hypothetical hydrologic situations. One hypothetical situation consisted of using 1976 pumping rates, recharge, and evapotranspiration but the Big Sioux River dry. The pumping rate after 16 months was decreased by 40 percent from the actual pumping rate for that month in order to complete the monthly simulation without the storage being depleted at a nodal area. The second hypothetical situation consisted of a pumpage rate of 44.4 cubic feet per second from 60 wells spaced throughout the aquifer under historic 1976 hydrologic conditions. The results were that the aquifer could supply the additional withdrawal. The third hypothetical situation used the same hydrologic conditions as the second except that recharge was zero and the Big Sioux River was dry downstream from row 54. After 18 monthly simulations, the pumping rate was decreased by 44 percent to prevent pumping wells from depleting the aquifer, and, at that rate, 63 percent of the water being pumped was being replaced by water from the river. (USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗