Geology topics
L. C. Shaw
Publications and source records attributed to L. C. Shaw.
Hydrology of area 2, Eastern Coal Province, Pennsylvania and New York
Provisions of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 recognized a nationwide need for hydrologic information in mined and potentially mined areas. This report is designed to be useful to mine owners, operators, regulatory authorities, citizens groups, and others by presenting information on existing hydrologic conditions and by identifying additional sources of hydrologic information. General hydrologic information is presented in a brief text accompanied by a map, chart, graph, or other illustration for each of a series of water-resourcesrelated topics. The summation of the topical discussions provides a description of the hydrology of the area. The Eastern Coal Province has been divided into 24 hydrologic study areas which are shown on the cover of this report. The divisions are based on hydrologic factors, location, and size. Hydrologic units (surface drainage basins) or parts of units are combined to form each study area. Study Area 2 covers northwestern Pennsylvania and a small part of southwestern New York. Most exposed bedrock is of Pennsylvanian, Mi;;sissippian, or Devonian ages. Glacial drift covers most of the bedrock in the northwestern part of the area. During 1979, more than 7 million tons of bituminous coal was produced from about 230 mines in Area 2 counties. Over 99 percent of the area's coal production is from surface mining. Streamflow data are available for 18 continuousrecord stations; 1 crest-stage, partial-record station; 1 low-flow, partial-record station; and 65 miscellaneous sites. Water-quality data are available for 78 locations. Streams having the highest median specific conductance, highest median dissolved-solids concentrations, lowest median pH, highest median total-iron concentration, highest median total-manganese concentration, and highest dissolved-sulfate concentrations were found in Clarion County, the leading coal-producing county in the area. Statistics on low flow, mean flow, peak flow, and flow duration for gaging stations can be computed from recorded mean daily flows. Similar statistics can be estimated for ungaged streams by regression and graphical techniques. Five ground-water observation wells are being operated in Area 2. Ground-water levels fluctuate seasonally. Depth to water increases with well depth in upland areas and decreases with well depth in valleys. Well yields in the area range from less than 1 to more than 2,000 gallons per minute. Wells in unconsolidated materials usually have higher yields. Ground-water quality is adequate for most domestic purposes, except locally. Additional water-data information are available through: (1) The National Water Data Exchange, (2) The National Water Data Storage and Retrieva
Hydrology of area 3, Eastern Coal Province, Pennsylvania
Hydrologic data are presented for area 3 of the Eastern Coal Province, 4,077 square miles of the lower Allegheny River basin in western Pennsylvania. Seventy-three streams were sampled three times during the 1979 and 1980 water years for specific conductance, pH, acidity, alkalinity, dissolved and total iron, dissolved and total manganese, dissolved sulfate, and dissolved solids. Benthic invertebrate populations were determined and botom material samples were analyzed for metals. Sixteen streams had pH, acidity, alkalinity, total iron, total manganese, and dissolved sulfate indicative of acid-mine drainage. These streams were most common in the Redbank and Blacklick Creek basins and in the Conemaugh and lower Kiskiminetas River basins. Benthic invertebrates were not found in 11 of 64 streams sampled. An additional 13 streams had low benthic invertebrate diversity indices. Low diversity indices were most common in the southern part of area 3. Low flow, mean flow, peak flow, and flow duration data are presented for gaging stations in area 3. Techniques for estimating these data for ungaged sites are presented and referenced. The functions of, and access to, the National Water Data Exchange, National Water Data Storage and Retrieval System, and Office of Water Data Coordination are explained. (USGS)
Extent and frequency of floods on Schuylkill River near Norristown, Pennsylvania
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Map showing flood of June 1972 resulting from tropical storm Agnes, Susquehanna River and Swatara Creek at Middletown, Pennsylvania
In June 1972, tropical storm Agnes caused severe flooding in Pennsylvania and southern New York. The floods on many major streams were the highest known since the river valleys were settled. Maximum discharges were as much as twice the discharge of a 50-year flood. In central Pennsylvania, large areas in Lock Haven, Mill Hall, Wilkes-Barre, Kingston, Pittston, Harrisburg, and in many smaller communities were inundated to depths of several feet. The extent of flooding shown on the map was delineated by the U.S. Geological Survey from field surveys made soon after the flood.
Map showing flood of June 1972 resulting from tropical storm Agnes, Susquehanna River and Yellow Breeches Creek at Steelton, Highspire, and New Cumberland, Pennsylvania
In June 1972, tropical storm Agnes caused severe flooding in Pennsylvania and southern New York. The floods on many major streams were the highest known since the river valleys were settled. Maximum discharges were as much as twice the discharge of a 50-year flood. In central Pennsylvania, large areas in Lock Haven, Mill Hall, Wilkes-Barre, Kingston, Pittston, Harrisburg, and in many smaller communities were inundated to depths of several feet. The extent of flooding shown on the map was delineated by the U.S. Geological Survey from field surveys made soon after the flood.
Map showing flood of June 1972 resulting from tropical storm Agnes, Susquehanna River at Lemoyne, Pennsylvania
In June 1972, tropical storm Agnes caused severe flooding in Pennsylvania and southern New York. The floods on many major streams were the highest known since the river valleys were settled. Maximum discharges were as much as twice the discharge of a 50-year flood. In central Pennsylvania, large areas in Lock Haven, Mill Hall, Wilkes-Barre, Kingston, Pittston, Harrisburg, and in many smaller communities were inundated to depths of several feet. The extent of flooding shown on the map was delineated by the U.S. Geological Survey from field surveys made soon after the flood.
Flood of June 1972 Susquehanna River, Paxton Creek, and Conodoguinet Creek at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
In June 1972, tropical storm Agnes cause severe flooding in Pennsylvania and southern New York. The floods on many major strams were the highest known since the river valleys were settled. Maximum discharges were as much as twice the discharge of a 50-year flood. In central pennsylvania, large areas in Lock Have, Mill Hall, Wilkes-Barre, Kingston, Pittston, harrisburg, and in many smaller communities were inundated to depths of several feet. The extent of the flooding shown on the map was delineated by the U.S. Geological Survey from field surveys made soon after the flood. The investigation was conducted in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, the Susquehanna River Basin Commission, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Pennsylvania streamflow characteristics: Low-flow frequency and flow duration
No abstract available.