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J.J. Hickey

Publications and source records attributed to J.J. Hickey.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
USGS2006

Storage of treated sewage effluent and stormwater in a saline aquifer, Pinellas Peninsula, Florida

The Pinellas Peninsula, an area of 750 square kilometres (290 square miles) in coastal west-central Florida, is a small hydrogeologic replica of Florida. Most of the Peninsula's water supply is imported from well fields as much as 65 kilometres (40 miles) inland. Stresses on the hydrologic environment of the Peninsula and on adjacent water bodies, resulting from intensive water-resources development and waste discharge, have resulted in marked interest in subsurface storage of waste water (treated effluent and untreated storm water) and in future retrieval of the stored water for nonpotable use. If subsurface storage is approved by regulatory agencies, as much as 265 megalitres per day (70 million gallons a day) of waste water could be stored underground within a few years, and more than 565 megalitres per day (150 million gallons a day) could be stored in about 25 years. This storage would constitute a large resource of nearly fresh water in the saline aquifers underlying about 520 square kilometres (200 square miles) of the Peninsula. The upper 1,060 metres (3,480 feet) of the rock column underlying four test sites on the Pinellas Peninsula have been explored. The rocks consist chiefly of limestone and dolomite. Three moderately to highly transmissive zones, separated by leaky confining beds, (low permeability limestone) from about 225 to 380 metres (740 to 1,250 feet) below mean sea level, have been identified in the lower part of the Floridan aquifer in the Avon Park Limestone. Results of withdrawal and injection tests in Pinellas County indicate that the middle transmissive zone has the highest estimated transmissivity-about 10 times other reported values. The chloride concentration of water in this zone, as well as in the two other transmissive zones in the Avon Park Limestone in Pinellas Peninsula, is about 19,000 milligrams per litre. If subsurface storage is approved and implemented, this middle zone probably would be used for storage of the waste water and the zone would become the most extensively used in Florida for this purpose.

Groundwater↗
USGS2006

Subsurface injection of treated sewage into a saline-water aquifer at St. Petersburg, Florida - Water-quality changes and potential for recovery of injected sewage

The city of St. Petersburg is testing subsurface injection of treated sewage into the Floridan aquifer as a means of eliminating discharge of sewage to surface waters and as a means of storing treated sewage for future nonpotable reuse. The injection zone at the test site at the start of injection contained saline water with chloride concentrations ranging from 14,000 to 20,000 milligrams per liter (mg/l). Treated sewage with a mean chloride concentration of 170 mg/ml was injected through a single well for 12 months at a mean rate of 4.7 x 105 cubic feet per day. The volume of water injected during the year was 1.7x108 cubic feet. Dissolved oxygen was contained in the sewage prior to injection. Water removed from the injection zone during injection was essentially free of oxygen. Probable growth of denitrifying bacteria and, thus, microbial denitrification, was suggested by bacterial counts in water from two observation wells that were close to the injection well. The volume fraction of treated sewage in water from wells located 35 feet and 733 feet from the injection well and open to the upper part of the injection zone stabilized at about 0.9 and 0.75, respectively. Chloride concentrations stabilized at about 1,900 mg/l in water from the well that was 35 feet from the injection well and stabilized at about 4,000 mg/l in water from the well that was 733 feet from the injection well. These and other data suggest that very little near injection-quality treated sewage would be recoverable from storage in the injection zone.The city of St. Petersburg is testing subsurface injection of treated sewage into the Floridan aquifer as a means of eliminating discharge of sewage to surface waters and as a means of storing treated sewage for future nonpotable reuse. The injection zone at the test site at the start of injection contained saline water with chloride concentrations ranging from 14,000 to 20,000 milligrams per liter (mg/l). Data suggest that very little near injection-quality treated sewage would be recoverable from storage in the injection zone.

Florida↗
USGS1976

Dynamics of storage of organochlorine pollutants in herring gulls

Several organochlorine pollutants were studied over the period of one annual cycle in caged juvenile and wild-collected adult herring gulls (Lagus argentatus) from Lake Michigan. Fish, mostly alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus), comprised the major year-round food items in the wild; alewives were also fed to the caged juveniles. Fish residues averaged around 3 mg/kg of p,p'-DDE, 2 mg/kg p,p'DDT + p,p'-TDE, and 2 mg/kg apparent PCBs. Juvenile body-burdens of DDE and PCBs showed a continual buildup after fledging, then a temporary dynamic equilibrium, related only in part to annual lipid deposition. Maximum body-burdens were reached in both juveniles and adults when winter fat deposits were declining prior to the breeding season?followed by a return to dynamic equilibrium. Residues of DDT and TDE followed closely the annual pattern of lipid deposition in both juveniles and adults. Total body-burdens in both age classes were similar after the buildups to equilibrium in juveniles in their eighth month after fledging. Seasonal variations of residues of DDE and PCBs were characterised by two phases in adults and three in juveniles, which gradually assumed the adult cyclic pattern. The maximum body-burdens attained by caged juveniles fed a diet of Lake Michigan alewives were 290 mg/kg DDE, 19 mg/kg DDT + TDE, and 200 mg/kg apparent PCBs. Residues in wild adults at the same time were 300, 4, and 200 mg/kg of the same residues. Apparent PCBs and DDE were highly accumulative, although DDE levels resulted from dietary DDE, as well as conversion from DDT.

Environmental Pollution↗
USGS1976

Report of the American Ornithologists' Union Committee on Conservation 1975-76

This Committee's report for 1974-75 (Marshall et al. 1975, Auk 92 (4, Suppl.): lB-16B) summarized activities affecting bird conservation in the United States and Canada since 1973, including new legislation, international activities, avian conflicts with industrial and population growth, and habitat preservation. It also summarized the status of many of the endangered birds of North America, and a few critically endangered species elsewhere. The concern expressed in the report for greater participation of scientists outside government in the affairs of government has led to the formation of an AOU Committee on Public Responsibility. This report focuses on avian conservation problems in two areas, Puerto Rico and the islands of the Bering Sea. Both areas have conservation problems that are significant to ornithologists, there have been major new developments in the status of the birds and their habitats in these areas in the last few years, yet neither area has received the attention this committee feels it deserves. The Committee thanks Noel Snyder and George Gee for their contributions to this report.

The Auk↗
USGS1970

Oological data on egg and breeding characteristics of brown pelicans

Mean clutch size in 236 sets of North American Brown Pelican eggs was 2.95 and did not vary geographically between North American populations. Shell weight varied from 8.05 g to 10.99 g along a geographic continuum. Shell thickness averaged 0.510 mm for P&cams occidentalis occidentalis, 0.5544557 mm for P. IJ. carolinensis, and 0.569- 0.579 mm for P. o. cdifornicus. The ranges of breeding dates for the more southern populations were wider than those of northern ones.....Small numbers of eggs taken in Texas and Florida after 1949 were 20 per cent below normal weight; 1962 eggs from California were 26 per cent below normal; and three taken in Panama, 15 per cent below normal. Shell thickness had likewise decreased 15-27 per cent.

The Wilson Bulletin↗
USGS1969

Selective feeding by juvenile diving ducks in summer

Waterfowl often fail to use foods that seem plentiful to the investigator. The extent to which selective feeding or rejection of foods is a function of behavioral and morphological adaptations of the species, conditioned behavior of the individual, or individual preference for certain foods has not been appraised. The objectives of our study were to determine: (1) the extent of selective feeding among juvenile Canvasbacks ( Aytha valisineria ) and redheads ( A. americana ), (2) which food items were and which were not utilized, and (3) how selective use was related to the relative quality and availability of the food resource. In another paper (Bartonek and Hickey, MS) we present findings on the food habits of juvenile and adult Canvasbacks, Redheads, and Lesser Scaup ( Aytha affinis ) in southwestern Manitoba primarily during late spring and summer. Only a few of the limited number of investigations into the summer food habits of waterfowl correlate use of foods with the relative quantity and/or availability of potential foods (White, 1936; Beard, 1953; Keith, 1961; Chura, 1961; Perret, 1962; Collias and Collias, 1963). Perret (1962) concluded that seasonal variations in the food habits of Mallards ( Anas platyrhynchos ) were related to changes in the availability of foods.

Manitoba↗
USGS1968

Chlorinated hydrocarbons and eggshell changes in raptorial and fish-eating birds

Catastrophic declines of three raptorial species in the United States have been accompanied by decreases in eggshell thickness that began in 1947, have amounted to 19 percent or more, and were identical to phenomena reported in Britain. In 1967, shell thickness in herring gull eggs from five states decreased with increases in chlorinated hydrocarbon residues.

Science↗
USGS1967

Geohydrologic reconnaissance of the Soquel-Aptos area, Santa Cruz County, California

This report summarizes existing knowledge on the geohydrology of the Soquel-Aptos area, near, and including the eastern part, of Santa Cruz, California, and outlines work necessary for making a complete appraisal of the water resources of the area. The area is underlain mostly by marine and continental sedimentary deposits of Tertiary and Quaternary age. A small section in the northeastern part of the area on the eastern side of the San Andreas fault is underlain by sedimentary and metamorphic rocks of Cretaceous or older age. Quartz diorite, probably of Cretaceous age, underlies a considerable part of the area, but crops out only in small exposures along canyon bottom south of the Zayante fault. The Soquel-Aptos area consists of two main structural blocks?one, downthrown on the northeast side of the Zayante fault; the other, upthrown on the southwest side of the fault. The main water-bearing formations in the southwestern structural block are the Santa Margarita and Purisima Formations. The Purisima, the most widespread of these units in this area, contains water under water-table and artesian conditions and furnishes water to most wells. The water-bearing character of the rocks in the northern structural block is unknown. Presently available geohydrologic data are too limited for detailed evaluation of the ground-water potential in the Soquel-Aptos area. Work needed for a detailed evaluation includes: (1) Geophysical exploration and test drilling at selected locations, (2) pumping tests of selected existing wells and possibly of specially drilled test wells, (3) study and reconnaissance measurements of spring and streamflow, (4) chemical analysis of water samples from selected wells, and (5) establishment of a program for monitoring water quality and water levels in key wells.

California↗