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J.B. Martin

Publications and source records attributed to J.B. Martin.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
USGS2010

Influence of sea level rise on iron diagenesis in an east Florida subterranean estuary

Subterranean estuary occupies the transition zone between hypoxic fresh groundwater and oxic seawater, and between terrestrial and marine sediment deposits. Consequently, we hypothesize, in a subterranean estuary, biogeochemical reactions of Fe respond to submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and sea level rise. Porewater and sediment samples were collected across a 30-m wide freshwater discharge zone of the Indian River Lagoon (Florida, USA) subterranean estuary, and at a site 250 m offshore. Porewater Fe concentrations range from 0.5 μM at the shoreline and 250 m offshore to about 286 μM at the freshwater–saltwater boundary. Sediment sulfur and porewater sulfide maxima occur in near-surface OC-rich black sediments of marine origin, and dissolved Fe maxima occur in underlying OC-poor orange sediments of terrestrial origin. Freshwater SGD flow rates decrease offshore from around 1 to 0.1 cm/day, while bioirrigation exchange deepens with distance from about 10 cm at the shoreline to about 40 cm at the freshwater–saltwater boundary. DOC concentrations increase from around 75 μM at the shoreline to as much as 700 μM at the freshwater–saltwater boundary as a result of labile marine carbon inputs from marine SGD. This labile DOC reduces Fe-oxides, which in conjunction with slow discharge of SGD at the boundary, allows dissolved Fe to accumulate. Upward advection of fresh SGD carries dissolved Fe from the Fe-oxide reduction zone to the sulfate reduction zone, where dissolved Fe precipitates as Fe-sulfides. Saturation models of Fe-sulfides indicate some fractions of these Fe-sulfides get dissolved near the sediment–water interface, where bioirrigation exchanges oxic surface water. The estimated dissolved Fe flux is approximately 0.84 μM Fe/day per meter of shoreline to lagoon surface waters. Accelerated sea level rise predictions are thus likely to increase the Fe flux to surface waters and local primary productivity, particularly along coastlines where groundwater discharges through sediments.

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta↗
USGS2003

A multi-level pore-water sampler for permeable sediments

The construction and operation of a multi - level piezometer (multisampler) designed to collect pore water from permeable sediments up to 230 cm below the sediment - water interface is described. Multisamplers are constructed from 1 1/2 inch schedule 80 PVC pipe. One-quarter-inch flexible PVC tubing leads from eight ports at variable depths to a 1 1/2 inch tee fitting at the top of the PVC pipe. Multisamplers are driven into the sediments using standard fence-post drivers. Water is pumped from the PVC tubing with a peristaltic pump. Field tests in Banana River Lagoon, Florida, demonstrate the utility of multisamplers. These tests include collection of multiple samples from the permeable sediments and reveal mixing between shallow pore water and overlying lagoon water .

Journal of Sedimentary Research↗
USGS2002

Hydrocarbon geochemistry of cold seeps in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary

Samples from four geographically and tectonically discrete cold seeps named Clam Flat, Clamfield, Horseshoe Scarp South, and Tubeworm City, within the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary were analyzed for their hydrocarbon content. The sediment contains gaseous hydrocarbons and CO2, as well as high molecular weight aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons with various combinations of thermogenic and biogenic contributions from petroleum, marine, and terrigenous sources. Of particular interest is the cold seep site at Clamfield which is characterized by the presence of thermogenic hydrocarbons including oil that can likely be correlated with oil-saturated strata at Majors Creek near Davenport, CA, USA. At Clam Flat, the evidence for thermogenic hydrocarbons is equivocal. At Horseshoe Scarp South and Tubeworm City, hydrocarbon gases, mainly methane, are likely microbial in origin. These varied sources of hydrocarbon gases highlight the diverse chemical systems that appear at cold seep communities. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Marine Geology↗
USGS1998

Comparison of offshore and onshore gas occurrences, Eel River basin, northern California

The Eel River basin of northern California is a upper Cenozoic depocenter containing more than 3,000 meters of sedimentary rock located near the Mendocino triple junction. Active tectonism has resulted in folding, faulting and rapid sedimentation. Both thermogenic and microbial hydrocarbons are known to be present in the sediments. In August 1997, we sampled two submarine gas seeps, one at a water depth of 520 m that supports a chemosynthetic-based ecosystem very near an area of previously recovered gas hydrate. Another vent site was sampled in sand covered with white bacterial mats at a water depth 41 m. We compared the hydrocarbon gas composition and methane isotopic composition of these seeps with land-based gas occurrences that include: 1) a gas seep and 2) gas from a 2360 m-deep gas well.

California↗
USGS1990

Diagenesis and interstitial-water chemistry at the Peruvian continental margin; major constituents and strontium isotopes

Two distinct hydrogeochemical regimes currently dominate the Peruvian continental margin. One, in shallower water (150-450 m) shelf to upper-slope regions, is characterized by interstitial waters with strong positive chloride gradients with depth. The maximum measured value of 1043 mM chloride at Site 680 at ITS corresponds to a degree of seawater evaporation of ~2 times. Major ion chemistry and strontioum isotopic composition of the interstitial waters suggest that a subsurface brine that has a marine origin and is of pre-early Miocene "age," profoundly influences the chemistry and diagenesis of this shelf environment. Site 684 at ~9°S must be closest to the source of this brine, which becomes diluted with seawater and/or interstitial water as it flows southward toward Site 686 at ~13°S (and probably beyond) at a rate of approximately 3 to 4 cm/yr, since early Miocene time. The other regime, in deep water (3000-5000 m) middle to lower-slope regions, is characterized by interstitial waters with steep negative and nonsteady-state chloride gradients with depth. The minimum measured value of 454 mM chloride, at Site 683 at ITS, corresponds to —20% dilution of seawater chloride The most probably sources of these low-chloride fluids are gas hydrate dissociation and mineral (particularly clay) dehydration reactions. Fluid advection is consistent with (1) the extent of dilution shown in the chloride profiles, (2) the striking nonsteady-state depth profiles of chlorides at Sites 683 and 688 and of 87Sr/86Sr ratios at Site 685, and (3) the temperatures resulting from an average geothermal gradient of 50°C/km and required for clay mineral dehydration reactions. Strontium isotope data reveal two separate fluid regimes in this slope region: a more northerly one at Sites 683 and 685 that is influenced by fluids with a radiogenic continental strontium signature, and a southerly one at Sites 682 and 688 that is influenced by fluids with a nonradiogenic oceanic signatures. Stratigraphically controlled fluid migration seems to prevail in this margin. Because of its special tectonic setting, Site 679 at ITS is geochemically distinct. The interstitial waters are characterized by seawater chloride concentrations to —200 mbsf and deeper by a significantly lower chloride concentration of about two-thirds of the value in seawater, suggesting mixing with a meteoric water source. Regardless of the hydrogeochemical regime, the chemistry and isotopic compositions of the interstitial waters at all sites are markedly modified by diagenesis, particularly by calcite and dolomite crystallization.

Peruvian Continental Margin↗
USGS1990

Water resources data, Florida, water year 1990: Volume 4: Northwest Florida

Water resources data for the 1990 water year in Florida consists of continuous or daily discharge for 349 streams, periodic discharge for 40 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 75 streams, continuous or daily stage for 105 streams, periodic stage for 25 streams, peak discharge for 41 streams, continuous daily tide stage for 12 sites, and peak stage for 40 streams; continuous or daily elevations for 70 lakes, periodic elevations for 70 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 441 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 1229 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 1908 wells; quality-of-water data for 145 surface-water sites and 799 wells. The data for northwest Florida include continuous or daily discharge for 50 streams, periodic discharge for 0 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 53 streams, continuous or daily stage for 11 streams, peak discharge and stage for 7 streams; continuous or daily elevations for 6 lakes, and periodic elevations for 3 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 0 wells, and periodic ground-water levels for 20 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 140 wells; quality of water for 14 surface-water sites and 0 wells. These data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in Florida.

Florida↗
USGS1989

Water resources data, Florida, water year 1988. Volume 4: Northwest Florida

Water resources data for the 1988 water year in Florida consists of continuous or daily discharge for 338 streams, periodic discharge for 34 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 28 streams, continuous or daily stage for 152 streams, periodic stage for 29 streams, peak discharge for 71 streams, continuous daily tide stage 8, and peak stage for 84 streams; continuous or daily elevations for 73 lakes, periodic elevations for 72 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 490 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 1620 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 2678 wells; quality-of-water data for 158 surface-water sites and 884 wells. The data for northwest Florida include continuous or daily discharge for 52 streams, periodic discharge for 7 streams, continuous or daily stage for 11 streams, peak discharge for 26 streams, and peak stage for 26 streams; continuous elevations for 5 lakes, and periodic elevations for 4 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 12 wells, and periodic ground-water levels for 80 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 55 wells; quality of water for 28 surface-water sites and 22 wells. These data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in Florida.

Florida↗
USGS1988

Water resources data for Florida, water year 1987. Volume 4. Northwest Florida

Water resources data for the 1987 water year in Florida consists of continuous or daily discharge for 320 streams, periodic discharge for 38 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 29 streams, continuous or daily stage for 94 streams, periodic stage for 48 streams, peak discharge for 76 streams and peak stage for 69 streams; continuous or daily elevations for 80 lakes, periodic elevations for 74 lakes; ground-water levels for 477 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 562 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 2886 wells; quality-of-water data for 223 surface-water sites and 900 wells. The data for northwest Florida include continuous or daily discharge for 49 streams, periodic discharge for 4 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 6 streams, continuous or daily stage for 9 streams, peak discharge for 30 streams, and peak stage for 30 streams; continuous elevations for 5 lakes and periodic elevations for 4 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 16 wells, and periodic ground-water levels for 70 wells; quality of water for 22 surface-water sites and 20 wells. These data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, state and federal agencies in Florida.

Florida↗
USGS1987

Water resources data for Florida, water year 1986. Volume 4. Northwest Florida

Water resources data for the 1986 water year in Florida consist of continuous or daily discharge for 277 streams, periodic discharge for 38 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 34 streams, continuous or daily stage for 77 streams, periodic stage for 20 streams, peak discharge for 88 streams and peak stage for 69 streams; continuous or daily elevations for 69 lakes, periodic elevations for 72 lakes; ground-water levels for 476 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 1226 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 1570 wells; quality-of-water data for 188 surface-water sites and 878 wells. The data for northwest Florida include continuous or daily discharge for 51 streams, periodic discharge for 3 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 6 streams, continuous or daily stage for 1 stream, peak discharge for 41 streams, and peak stage for 41 streams; continuous elevations for 5 lakes and periodic elevations for 4 lakes; continuous groundwater levels for 13 wells, and periodic ground-water levels for 169 wells; quality of water for 25 surface-water sites and 20 wells. These data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, stage and federal agencies in Florida.

Florida↗
USGS1986

Water resources data, Florida, water year 1985. Volume 4: Northwest Florida

Water resources data for the 1985 water year in Florida consist of continuous or daily discharge for 285 streams, periodic discharge for 38 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 110 streams, continuous or daily stage for 124 streams, periodic stage for 32 streams, peak discharge for 98 streams and peak stage for 87 streams; continuous or daily elevations for 89 lakes, periodic elevations for 82 lakes; ground-water levels for 473 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 550 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 2,588 wells; quality-of-water data for 239 surface-water sites and 699 wells. The data for northwest Florida include continuous or daily discharge for 46 streams, periodic discharge for 3 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 30 streams, continuous or daily stage for 1 stream, peak discharge for 34 streams, and peak stage for 34 streams; continuous elevations for 5 lakes and periodic elevations for 4 lakes; continuous groundwater levels for 12 wells, and periodic ground-water levels for 165 wells; quality of water for 25 surface-water sites and 20 wells. These data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, state and federal agencies in Florida.

Florida↗
USGS1985

Water resources data, Florida, water year 1983. Volume 4. Northwest Florida

Water resources data for the 1983 water year in Florida consist of continuous or daily discharge for 299 streams, periodic discharge for 29 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 30 streams, continuous or daily stage for 76 streams, periodic stage for 47 streams, peak discharge for 86 streams and peak stage for 8 streams; continuous or daily elevations for 105 lakes, periodic elevations for 117 lakes; ground-water levels for 472 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 610 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 2,258 wells; quality of water data for 326 surface-water sites and 843 wells. The data for northwest Florida includes continuous or daily discharge for 46 streams, periodic discharge for 7 streams, peak discharge for 19 streams, and continuous or daily stage for 4 streams; continuous elevations for 5 lakes and periodic elevations for 4 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 25 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 87 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 70 wells; quality of water for 27 surface-water sites and for 22 wells. These data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, state and federal agencies in Florida.

Florida↗
USGS1982

Data on subsurface storage of liquid waste near Pensacola, Florida, 1963-1980

Since 1963, when industrial waste was first injected into the subsurface in northwest Florida, considerable data have been collected relating to the geochemistry of subsurface waste storage. This report presents hydrogeologic data on two subsurface waste storage. This report presents hydrogeologic data on two subsurface storage systems near Pensacola, Fla., which inject liquid industrial waste through deep wells into a saline aquifer. Injection sites are described giving a history of well construction, injection, and testing; geologic data from cores and grab samples; hydrographs of injection rates, volume, pressure, and water levels; and chemical and physical data from water-quality samples collected from injection and monitor wells. (USGS)

Open-File Report↗
USGS1978

Hydrologic monitoring of waste-injection wells near Pensacola, Florida, March 1970 - December 1977

This report presents hydraulic and chemical data collected from March 1970 to December 1977 at a deep-well waste-injection system at the Monsanto Company's plant near Pensacola, Florida. The injection system presently consists of Injection Well A, Injection Well B, and two deep monitor wells all completed open hole in the lower limestone of the Floridan aquifer and one shallow monitor well completed in the upper limestone of the Floridan aquifer. The two deep monitor wells are used to observe hydraulic and geochemical effects of waste injection in the injection zone at locations 1.5 miles south-southeast and 1.9 miles north-northwest of the center of the injection site. The shallow monitor well, used to observe any effects in the first permeable zone above the 220-foot-thick confining bed, is 100 feet northeast of Injection Well A. Since injection began in July 1963, about 14.2 billion gallons of acidic industrial waste consisting of an aqueous solution of nitric acid, inorganic salts, and numerous organic compounds have been injected into a limestone aquifer containing saline water. From July 1963 to April 1968, the pH of the waste was raised to about 5.5 with aqueous ammonia prior to injection. Since 1968, no aqueous ammonia has been added and the waste has been injected at a pH of about 2.3. Wellhead injection pressures at both injection wells in December 1977 averaged 170 pounds per square inch and the hydraulic pressure gradient was 0.52 pound per square inch per foot of depth to the top of the injection zone. Increases in pressures since 1970 at the north and south monitor wells ranged from 21 to 31 pounds per square inch. The pressure in the shallow monitor well declined about 6 pounds per square inch. No changes were detected in the chemical characteristics of water from the shallow monitor and the north monitor wells. Since late 1973, concentrations of bicarbonate and dissolved organic carbon in water from the south monitor well have increased. These increases in bicarbonate and dissolved organic carbon have been accompanied by increases in gas content of water at the point of discharge from the well and a distinctive odor like that of the waste. In samples of water from the south monitor well, concentrations of nitrogen gas ranged from 5.1 to 12.7 milligrams per liter, methane from 24 to 70 milligrams per liter, and carbon dioxide from 14 to 56 milligrams per liter.

Florida↗
USGS1978

Hydrologic monitoring of a deep-well waste-injection system near Pensacola, Florida, March 1970 - March 1977

This report presents hydraulic and chemical data collected at a deep-well waste-injection system near Pensacola, Florida. Since injection began in July 1963, about 13.3 billion gallons of industrial acidic waste containing nitric acid, inorganic salts and numerous organic compounds have been injected into a saline-water-filled limestone aquifer. Wellhead pressure at two injection wells averaged 180 pounds per square inch in March 1977 and the hydraulic pressure gradient was 0.53 pound per square inch per foot of depth to the top of the injection zone. Increases in pressure since 1970 at two wells used to monitor the injection zone at sites located 1.9 miles north and 1.5 miles south of the injection site have been about 22 and 29 pounds per square inch. The pressure in a shallow monitor well, penetrating the first permeable zone above the 220-foot-thick confining bed, declined about 4 pounds per square inch. No changes were detected in the chemical character of water from the shallow monitor well and the north monitor well, but since late 1973, concentrations of bicarbonate and dissolved organic carbon in water from the south monitor well have increased. (Woodard-USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗