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Geology topics

H. W. Lowham

Publications and source records attributed to H. W. Lowham.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
USGS1988

Streamflows in Wyoming

A description of the occurrence and availability of surface waters in Wyoming is presented along with explanations of both streamflow-data collection and methods for estimating streamflow characteristics at gaged and ungaged sites. Mountain ranges separate the major drainage basins and have a significant effect on the quantity of precipitation and the volume of runoff that occurs in Wyoming. Perennial streams that originate in the mountains provide the most dependable source of runoff; streams that originate in the plains and deserts generally are intermittent or ephemeral and have extended periods of no flow. Streamflow data for several hundred gaged sites in the State are available for engineering and management purposes. When gaged data are not available, methods for estimating streamflow characteristics are needed. Methods presented in this report for estimating streamflow characteristics have been improved over previous methods through the use of refined analytical techniques and an updated data base. Peak-flow characteristics and mean annual runoff at ungaged sites can be estimated by using regression equations, with either basin characteristics or channel width being independent variables. Log-linear regression equations are used for estimating streamflow characteristics in the mountains; whereas, curvilinear equations of double-exponential form were determined to be more appropriate than log-linear relations for depicting peak flows in the plains and deserts. (USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1982

Hydrology of Salt Wells Creek — A plains stream in southwestern Wyoming

Development of energy minerals in plains areas of Wyoming is expanding rapidly. Such development may affect water resources and hydrologic relations of the plains; however, little information exists concerning hydrologic processes for these areas. This report summarizes results of a hydrologic study made during 1975-78 of Salt Wells creek, a drainage area of about 500 square miles located southeast of Rock Springs, Wyoming. The area is typical of arid and semiarid plains areas in southwestern Wyoming where mineral development is occurring. Salt Wells Creek is predominately an intermittent stream. Numerous springs in the headwaters cause small perennial flows in some upstream tributaries, but evaporation, freezeup, and seepage deplete these flows so that the middle and lower reaches of the main channel have only intermittent flows. The intermittent nature of streamflow affects water quality. It was observed that a flushing of dissolved solids and suspended sediment occurs during the first flows of a runoff event. A striking feature of the stream is its deeply incised channel. The downcutting is attributed to the cummulative effects of: (1) a change in the relative climate, amounts of annual precipitation occurring as rain and snow, (2) change in base level due to downstream channelization, and (3) changes in land use. Because of the incision, erosion is now expanding to include intervening tributaries.

Wyoming↗
USGS1979

Traveltime, unit-concentration, longitudinal-dispersion, and reaeration characteristics of upstream reaches of the Yampa and Little Snake Rivers, Colorado and Wyoming

Measurements were made along a 58-mile reach of the Yampa River in Colorado and a 77-mile reach of the Little Snake River in Colorado and Wyoming to determine traveltime, unit-concentration , and longitudinal-dispersion characteristics. Two traveltime, unit-concentration, and dispersion analyses were made along the Yampa River when its average streamflow was approximately 100 and 3,400 cu ft/s; three traveltime, unit-concentration, and dispersion analyses were made along the Little Snake River when its average streamfow was approximately 200, 600, and 1,600 cu ft/s. Reaeration coefficients were determined only for the Yampa River, when its average streamflow was approximately 100 cu ft/s. Traveltime and unit-concentration simulations were made using a mathematical model. Data collected for the Little Snake River when the average streamflow was approximately 600 cu ft/s were used as a check of model-simulation accuracy. Traveltime simulations compared to within 5%, and unit-concentration simulations were within 30 to 40% of the measured flow data. Longitudinal-dispersion coefficients ranged from 400 to 6,050 sq ft/s for the two streams. Reaeration coefficients for the Yampa River, adjusted to 20 degrees celsius, ranged from 6.04 to 33.4 per day. Two semi-empirical equations gave reaeration coefficients in best agreement with measured reaeration coefficients. Absolute errors of estimate for these equations were 11.8 and 17.3%. (USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1978

An analysis of stream temperatures, Green River Basin, Wyoming

A method for estimating temperatures of streams in the Green River basin, Wyoming, utilizes a regional model for estimating mean daily temperatures of streams at unmeasured sites. The regional model was developed by describing annual temperature patterns at 43 measured sites and by applying the harmonic function T = M + A -sin (0.0172 t + C)- where: T is mean daily temperature; M, A, and C are harmonic coefficients calculated from data for each stream-temperature station; and t is the day of the water year. Application of the equation for estimating temperatures at unmeasured sites requires regionalized estimates of M, A, and C. Regional estimates were developed with the aid of multiple-regression techniques, whereby the calculated harmonic coefficients were regressed against physical and climatic characteristics of the stream-temperature stations. Stream elevation was a significant factor affecting water temperature. Analysis of areal and temporal variations in temperature showed that springs, irrigation return flows, and reservoir storage were affecting reaches of several major streams. (Woodard-USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗