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Frederick K. Mack

Publications and source records attributed to Frederick K. Mack.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
USGS1990

The difference between the potentiometric surfaces of the Aquia Aquifer of September 1986 and September 1988 in southern Maryland

A map was prepared that shows the net change in the potentiometric surface of the Aquia aquifer (in the Paleocene Aquia Formation) in southern Maryland from the fall of 1986 to the fall of 1988. The map, based on water level measurements from 74 observation wells, shows that during the 2 year period the potentiometric surface declined less than 6 ft in most of southern Maryland but 10 ft or more in the Lexington Park and Solomons Island areas. (USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1990

Potentiometric surface of the Magothy Aquifer in southern Maryland during September 1988

A map showing the potentiometric surface of the Magothy aquifer in southern Maryland during the fall of 1988 was prepared from water-level measurements in 83 observation wells. The potentiometric surface was highest near the northwest boundary and outcrop area of the aquifer in topographically high locations of Anne Arundel and Prince Georges Counties. The hydraulic gradient in the study area was generally southeastward or toward the centers of three cones of depression that have developed in response to pumping stresses. These cones formed around well fields in the Annapolis, Waldorf, and Chalk Point areas. The potentiometric surface of the Magothy aquifer was more than 40 ft below sea level in parts of the Waldorf and Chalk Point areas. (USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1989

Potentiometric surface of the Aquia Aquifer in southern Maryland during the fall of 1987

A map showing the potentiometric surface of the Aquia aquifer in the Paleocene Aquia Formation in southern Maryland during the fall of 1987 was prepared by using water level measurements from 80 observation wells. The potentiometric surface was above sea level near the northeastern boundary and outcrop area of the aquifer in topographically high areas of Anne Arundel and Prince Georges Counties. The potentiometric surface was below sea level in the remainder of the study area. The hydraulic gradient was generally to the southeast toward an extensive cone of depression, which is centered around well fields near Lexington Park. Much of the cone is more than 40 ft below sea level. (USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1989

Potentiometric surface of the Magothy Aquifer in southern Maryland during the fall of 1987

A map showing the potentiometric surface of the Magothy aquifer in the Cretaceous Magothy Formation in southern Maryland during the fall of 1987 was prepared by using water level measurements in 85 observation wells. The potentiometric surface was highest near the northwestern boundary and outcrop area of the aquifer in topographically high locations of Anne Arundel and Prince Georges Counties. The hydraulic gradient in the study area was generally southeastward or toward the centers of three cones of depression which have developed in response to pumping stresses. These cones formed around well fields in the Annapolis, Waldorf, and Chalk Point areas. The potentiometric surface of the Magothy aquifer was more than 40 ft below sea level in parts of the Waldorf and Chalk Point areas. (USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1984

Preliminary map showing the potentiometric surface of the Aquia Aquifer in southern Maryland, September 1982

A map was prepared that shows the potentiometric surface of the Aquia aquifer in southern Maryland in September 1982. The map is based on measurements from a network of 78 observation wells. The highest measured level of the potentiometric surface, 34 ft above sea level, was near the outcrop of the aquifer in a topographically high area of Anne Arundel County. The potentiometric surface slopes downward to the extensive cone of depression--much of it more than 40 ft below sea level--has developed around the well fields in the vicinity of Lexington Park. The network of observation wells was developed as part of the cooperative program between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Maryland Geological Survey, and the Maryland Energy Administration.

Maryland↗
USGS1982

Map showing how the potentiometric surface of the Magothy Aquifer of August 1980 differed from the potentiometric surface of September 1977, in southern Maryland

The map is based on the differences between two sets of water-level measurements made in 65 observation wells. One set was made in 1977, a relatively dry year, and the other set was made in 1980, another relatively dry year. The map shows that the potentiometric surface was higher in 1980, by as much as 9 feet, than it was in 1977, in a band a few miles wide near the outcrop and subcrop areas of the aquifer in northern Prince Georges County and central Anne Arundel County. In the remainder of the map area, the 1980 potentiometric surface was lower than it had been in 1977, with declines as great as 20 feet measured in well fields at Waldorf and Chalk Point. The network of observation wells was developed and is operated and maintained as part of the cooperative program between the U.S. Geological Survey and agencies of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources. (USGS)

Open-File Report↗
USGS1982

Map showing the potentiometric surface of the Magothy Aquifer in southern Maryland, September 1982

A map was prepared that shows the potentiometric surface of the Magothy aquifer in southern Maryland in September 1982. The map is based on measurements from a network of 83 observation wells. The highest levels of the potentiometric surface, 57 and 58 feet above sea level, were measured near the outcrop-subcrop of the aquifer in topographically high areas of Anne Arundel and Prince Georges Counties. The potentiometric surface slopes to the southeast to about sea level along much of the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay. Three distinct and extensive cones of depression have developed in the potentiometric surface around the well fields of the Annapolis area, Waldorf area, and Chalk Point. Several square miles of each cone are below sea level, and in some areas at Chalk Point and Waldorf, the cone is more than 50 feet below sea level. The network of wells was developed as part of the cooperative program between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Maryland Geological Survey, and the Maryland Energy Administration. (USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1981

Map showing how the potentiometric surface of the Magothy Aquifer of September 1979 differed from the potentiometric surface of September 1977 in southern Maryland

This map is based on the differences between two sets of water-level measurements made in 63 observation wells. One set was made in 1977, a relatively dry year, and the other set was made in 1979, a relatively wet year. The map shows that the potentiometric surface in 1979, in northern Prince Georges County and southern Anne Arundel County, was higher than it was in 1977, with a maximum measured rise of 9 feet. In southern parts of the mapped area, the 1979 potentiometric surface was lower than the 1977 surface, with a maximum measured decline of 11 feet. The network of observation wells was developed and is operated and maintained as part of the cooperative program between the U.S. Geological Survey and agencies of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources. (USGS)

Open-File Report↗
USGS1981

Map showing the potentiometric surface of the Magothy aquifer in southern Maryland, August 1980

This map is based on measurements made in a network of 77 observation wells. Highest levels of the potentiometric surface, 61 to 64 feet above sea level, were near the outcrop or subcrop of the aquifer in topographically high areas of Anne Arundel and northern Prince Georges Counties. The potentiometric surface slopes toward centers of pumpage near Annapolis, in northern Charles County, and southern Prince Georges County. Two separate , distinct, and extensive cones of depression have developed in the surface around the well fields of Waldorf, in northern Charles County, and the Chalk Point power plant, in southern Prince Georges County. The cone of depression in the Annapolis area has coalesced with a more shallow cone that includes the Broadneck Peninsula. The network of wells was developed and is operated and maintained as part of the cooperative program between the U.S. Geological Survey and agencies of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources.

Maryland↗
USGS1980

Map showing the potentiometric surface of the Magothy Aquifer in southern Maryland, September 1979

This map is based on measurements made on a network of 77 observation wells in southern Maryland. Highest levels of the potentiometric surface, 63 to 67 feet above sea level, were measured near the outcrop or subcrop of the aquifer in topographically high areas of Anne Arundel and Prince Georges Counties. The surface slopes to the southeast to about 5 feet above sea level along much of the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay. Four separate, distinct, and extensive cones of depression have developed in the surface around the well fields of the city of Annapolis, Broadneck, town of Waldorf, and Chalk Point. Several square miles of each cone are below sea level and in localized areas at Chalk Point and Waldorf, the surface is 40 to 50 feet below sea level. The network of wells was developed as part of the cooperative program between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Maryland Geological Survey, and the Maryland Energy and Coastal Zone Administration.

Maryland↗