Geology topics
Publications and source records attributed to F. S. Grimaldi.
A procedure is presented for the determination of thorium in the concentration range of 0·2 to 10 parts per million ThO 2 in felsic or mafic rocks. Thorium is extracted by mesityl oxide and purified by iodate precipitation from nitric acid medium containing tartaric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The thorium is determined spectrophotometrically with thoron from meso-tartaric acid medium.
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Thoron is popularly used for the spectrophotometric determination of thorium. An undesirable feature of its use is the high sensitivity of the reagent toward zirconium. This study describes the use of tartaric acid as a masking reagent for zirconium. Three tartaric acid-thoron systems, developed for the determination of thorium, differ with respect to the concentrations of thoron and tartaric acid. Mesotataric acid, used in one of the systems, is found to be most effective in masking zirconium. The behavior of various rarer elements, usually found associated with thorium ores, is determined in two of the systems, and a dilution method is described for the direct determination of thorium in monazite concentrates.
Gelatinous silica and aluminum ions retard the distillation of fluorine in the Willard and Winter distillation method. A generally applicable, simple method for the determination of fluorine in rocks containing aluminum or silicon or both as major constituents was desired. In the procedure developed, the sample is fused with a mixture of sodium carbonate and zinc oxide, leached with water, and filtered. The residue is granular and retains nearly all of the silica. The fluorine in the filtrate is distilled directly from a perchloric acid-phosphoric acid mixture. Phosphoric acid permits the quantitative distillation of fluorine in the presence of much aluminum at the usual distillation temperature and without the collection of large volumes of distillate. The fluorine is determined either by microtitration with thorium nitrate or colorimetrically with thoron. The procedure is rapid and has yielded excellent results on silicate rocks and on samples from the aluminum phosphate (leached) zone of the Florida phosphate deposits.
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A short routine direct fluorimetric procedure for the determination of up to 0.06 percent uranium in phosphate ricks is described. The procedure employs a simple acid leach for preparing the solution, and the uranium is determined directly on a 1.8-mg aliquot. The results obtained by using this simply procedure on several thousand samples are discussed. The quenching of the uranium fluorescence by foreign elements was found to be negligible, for all practical purposes, and results on western phosphates may be corrected by using an empirically determined quenching factor.
A simple and very rapid fluorimetric procedure is described for the determination of uranium in low-grade shale and phosphate ores. The best working range is from 0.001 to about 0.04 percent U. The procedure employs batch extraction of uranium nitrate by ethyl acetate, using aluminum nitrate as the salting agent, prior to the visual fluorimetric estimation. The procedure is especially designed to save reagents; only 9.5 g of aluminum nitrate and 10 ml of ethyl acetate being used for one analysis. The solution of the sample by means of a fusion with NaOH-NaNO 3 flux is rapid. After fusion the sample is immediately extracted without removing silica and other hydrolytic precipitates. Aluminum nitrate very effectively ties up fluoride and phosphate, thus eliminating steps required for their removal.
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