Geology topics

David J. Jude

Publications and source records attributed to David J. Jude.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

USGS2023

Intra-lake trends and inter-lake comparisons of Mysis diluviana life history variables and their relationships to food limitation

The opossum shrimp, Mysis diluviana , is an important member of the offshore food webs of the Laurentian Great Lakes, but its response to ecosystem changes that have occurred over the past several decades is not well understood. We combined the data of four long-term sampling programs, adding several years of data (post and prior) to previously published analyses to offer a longer-term, cross-basin analysis of M. diluviana populations in the Great Lakes from 1997 to 2019. Densities were high in lakes Superior and Ontario (summer values 100–300/m 2 ), high and variable but declining (from 200–300/m 2 in 1997–2004 to less than 100/m 2 in 2017–2019) in Lake Michigan, low (∼20–50/m 2 since 2005) in Lake Huron, and very low in shallower eastern Lake Erie (<1/m 2 ). Biomass showed similar trends. Life history parameters (mortality, fecundity, and growth) were consistently highest in eastern Lake Erie, followed by lakes Ontario, Michigan, Huron, and Superior. Generation time was 1 year in Lake Erie and 2 years in the other lakes. Cross-basin relationships between annual M. diluviana areal densities and food indices (chlorophyll-a concentration and zooplankton biomass) were non-linear, increasing with food levels up to about 250 mysids/m 2 and about 650 mg dry wt/m 2 . Annual growth rates were also positively correlated to both food indices in the four deep lakes, but fecundity and mortality rates were not. Our results suggest food availability is a primary factor predicting M. diluviana density and biomass. Density-dependent mortality and fish predation could explain some of the inter-lake differences, but these relationships could benefit from further investigations.

Laurentian Great Lakes↗

USGS2012

Sex difference in polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations of walleyes

Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations were determined for mature male and mature female walleyes ( Sander vitreus ) sampled from the Saginaw Bay population during 2007. PBDE concentrations in prey fish caught in the Saginaw River, the primary tributary to Saginaw Bay, and in Saginaw Bay during 2005 and 2007 also were determined. Mature male and mature female walleyes averaged 70.3 ng/g and 24.8 ng/g, respectively, in ΣPBDE, which was equal to the sum of concentrations of six PBDE congeners (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, and BDE-154). This sex difference was likely due to males spending more time in the Saginaw River system than females. Prey fish captured in the Saginaw River were roughly ten times higher in ΣPBDE than those caught in Saginaw Bay. BDE-47 was the predominant congener in both walleyes and prey fish, and this congener contributed about 50%, on average, to ΣPBDE. Congener profiles differed significantly between the two sexes of walleyes. In contrast, congener profiles of the prey fish did not differ significantly between the river-caught fish and the bay-caught fish. One plausible explanation for these congener profile results was that net trophic transfer efficiencies of PBDEs to walleyes from their prey were similar for all congeners except BDE-28, and that diet composition differed between the two sexes of walleyes.

Michigan↗

USGS2009

Gender difference in walleye PCB concentrations persists following remedial dredging

Eleven male walleyes ( Sander vitreus ) and 10 female walleyes from the Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) population were caught during the spawning run at Dow Dam (Midland, Michigan) in the Tittabawassee River during April 1996, and individual whole-fish polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) determinations were made. Total PCB concentrations averaged 7.95 and 3.17??mg/kg for males and females, respectively. As part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment remediation process, contaminated sediments from the Saginaw River, the main tributary to Saginaw Bay, were removed during 2000 and 2001. Total PCB concentrations of 10 male and 10 female walleyes caught at Dow Dam during April 2007 averaged 1.58 and 0.55??mg/kg, respectively. Thus, dredging of the Saginaw River appeared to be effective in reducing PCB concentrations of Saginaw Bay adult walleyes, as both males and females decreased in PCB concentration by more than 80% between 1996 and 2007. However, the ratio of male PCB concentration to female PCB concentration did not decline between 1996 and 2007. This persistent gender difference in PCB concentrations was apparently due to a gender difference in habitat utilization coupled with a persistent spatial gradient in prey fish PCB concentrations from the Saginaw River to Lake Huron.

Michigan↗

USGS2002

Dynamics of the Lake Michigan food web, 1970-2000

Herein, we document changes in the Lake Michigan food web between 1970 and 2000 and identify the factors responsible for these changes. Control of sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ) and alewife ( Alosa pseudoharengus ) populations in Lake Michigan, beginning in the 1950s and 1960s, had profound effects on the food web. Recoveries of lake whitefish ( Coregonus clupeaformis ) and burbot ( Lota lota ) populations, as well as the buildup of salmonine populations, were attributable, at least in part, to sea lamprey control. Based on our analyses, predation by salmonines was primarily responsible for the reduction in alewife abundance during the 1970s and early 1980s. In turn, the decrease in alewife abundance likely contributed to recoveries of deepwater sculpin ( Myoxocephalus thompsoni ), yellow perch ( Perca flavescens ), and burbot populations during the 1970s and 1980s. Decrease in the abundance of all three dominant benthic macroinvertebrate groups, including Diporeia , oligochaetes, and sphaeriids, during the 1980s in nearshore waters ( 50 m deep) of Lake Michigan, was attributable to a decrease in primary production linked to a decline in phosphorus loadings. Continued decrease in Diporeia abundance during the 1990s was associated with the zebra mussel ( Dreissena polymorpha ) invasion, but specific mechanisms for zebra mussels affecting Diporeia abundance remain unidentified.

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences↗

USGS2001

Diets and diet overlap of nonindigenous gobies and small benthic native fishes co-inhabiting the St. Clair River, Michigan

Round gobies ( Neogobius melanostomus ), after successfully reproducing in the early 1990s, decimated populations of mottled sculpins ( Cottus bairdi ) and possibly logperch ( Percina caprodes ) in the St. Clair River. Studies were conducted during 1994 to determine whether diets of round and tubenose ( Proterorhinus marmoratus ) gobies overlapped with those of native forage fishes. In the nearshore zone (depth ≤ 1 m), round and tubenose gobies, logperch, and rainbow darters ( Etheostoma caeruleum ) of similar sizes (total lengths < 75 mm) consumed mainly small-sized macroinvertebrates (dipterans, Caenis , and amphipods) during June 1994. Logperch and rainbow darters were present in the nearshore zone only during this month. At the crest of the channel slope (depth = 3 m), round gobies and northern madtoms ( Noturus stigmosus ) ate mostly ephemeropteran nymphs ( Hexagenia and Baetisca ), while predation on zebra mussels ( Dreissena polymorpha ) and other mollusks by round gobies was minimal. Northern madtoms did not feed on mollusks. Diet overlap between round gobies and native fishes was not observed at the channel slope (depth = 5 m and 7 m) due to heavy predation on mollusks by round gobies. Young-of-the-year (YOY) round gobies migrated to deeper water in autumn and became prey of mottled sculpins and northern madtoms. Eggs and YOY of mottled sculpins may have become vulnerable to predation by both round gobies and native fishes in deeper water, since adult mottled sculpins were apparently confined to the channel with limited home range because aggressive round gobies occupied preferred shallow habitat, including spawning sites.

Journal of Great Lakes Research↗

USGS1997

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in fishes from Saginaw Bay, Michigan

Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes (PCDTs), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlo-rodibenzo- p -dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) equivalents were measured in composite samples of forage fishes and several sizes of walleyes ( Stizostedion vitreum ) and common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) collected from Saginaw Bay, Michigan, USA. The concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents determined from the use of TCDD equivalency factors (TEFs) and instrumentally determined concentrations of individual congeners were designated TEq. The 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents determined on the same extracts with the H4IIE bioassay were defined as TCDD-EQ. Concentrations of TCDD-EQ and TEq were significantly, but poorly correlated ( R 2 = 0.44). Concentrations of TCDD-EQ and TEq ranged from 10.6 to 348 and 13.5 to 69.5 ng/kg, wet weight, respectively. The ratio of TCDD-EQ to TEq ranged from 0.5 to 5.0, with the greatest ratio observed in common carp but the average ratio between TEq and TCDD-EQ was approximately 1.0. In common carp, larger walleye, and medium-sized alewife ( Alosa pseudoharengus ) there were significant concentrations of TCDD-EQ that could not be accounted for by TEq calculated from an additive model of PCBs, PCDDs, or PCDFs. As much as 75% of the TCDD-EQ in some samples could not be accounted for by TEqs. It is unlikely that PCNs, PCDTs, or polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs) occurred at concentrations that were, based on their relative potencies, great enough to contribute significant quantities of TCDD-EQ. The discrepency between TCDD-EQs and TEqs was not due to antagonisms among congeners or extraction efficiencies.

Michigan↗

USGS1981

Substrate conditions and abundance of lake trout eggs in a traditional spawning area in southeastern Lake Michigan

Spawning by planted lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) was documented by sampling with a diver-assisted pump in a traditional spawning area in southeastern Lake Michigan near Saugatuck, Michigan in mid-November in 1978 and 1979. Bottom depths at the 11 locations sampled ranged from 3 to 12 m and substrate size from boulders to sand. Periphyton (Cladophora and associated biota) was several millimeters thick at most stations but sparse at the shallowest. The most eggs recovered from a single sample occurred at the shallowest depth (3 m). In both years, some of the small numbers of eggs collected (9 in 1978, 14 in 1979) were alive and fertilized. Laboratory incubation of viable eggs resulted in successful hatching of larvae. When compared with egg densities measured at spawning sites used by self-sustaining populations of lake trout in other lakes, densities in the study are (0-13/m 2 ) appeared to be critically low. Insufficient numbers of eggs, combined with harsh incubation conditions (turbulence, ice scour, sedimentation), were implicated as prime causes for lake trout reproductive failure in the study area, although other factors, such as inappropriate spawning behavior (selection of suboptimal spawning location, depth, or substrate) also may have reduced survival of eggs and larvae.

Lake Michigan↗