Geology topics
Publications and source records attributed to Carl F. Nordin.
Research activities in erosion and sedimentation processes have expanded broadly during the past several years and have kept pace with generally accelerated developments in all phases of hydrology and water resources investigations.
Water and suspended-sediment discharges were measured and bed-material samples were collected during August, 1982, at 9 cross sections along a 800-kilometer reach of the Rio Orinoco. Flows varied from approximately 31,000 to 72,000 cubic meters per second, and sediment discharge varied from approximately 1,600 to 8,000 kilograms per second. The bed material is mostly fine to medium sand and almost one-third of the suspended sediment is sand.
One-hundred-eight samples of bed material were collected from the Amazon River and its major tributaries between Belem, Brazil , and Iquitos, Peru. Samples were taken with a standard BM-54 sampler or with pipe dredges from May 18 to June 5, 1977. Most of the samples have median diameters in the size range of fine to medium sand and contain small percentages of fine gravel. Complete size distributions are tabulated. (Woodard-USGS)
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In 1975, data to calibrate a one-dimensional unsteady-flow and sediment-transport routing model were collected on a reach of the East Fork River of western Wyoming. The reach, 3.1 miles (5 kilometers) in length, wan immediately upstream from a previously established bedload sampling station. Nineteen channel cross sections were sounded at regular intervals during the spring-runoff period. Four stage recorders provided continuous records of water-surface elevations. Samples of bed material at most of the cross sections were obtained prior to high water. Streamflow and sediment-discharge measurements were collected at four of the sections. The physiography and hydrology of the contributing watershed, the study reach, and the equipment and techniques used in data collection are described briefly. The bulk of the report is a presentation of data for the several-week period of late May to early June 1975, for which concurrent water discharge data, bedload transport and size data, and cross-section depth measurements were collected. In addition, some data collected in 1973 and 1974 and before and after the calibration period in 1975 are included for completeness.
Various stochastic models have been proposed to describe the movement of sediment particles on the riverbed. Here it is attempted to summarize in an integrated form and to generalize the most important theoretical results in this field. The approach adopted in this paper is based on the fact that most of the stochastic models are only special cases of a particular kind of random walk on the straight line.
Empirical data on longitudinal dispersion process in rivers are compiled from published and unpublished sources. Fifty-one sets of data, covering flows from about 30 cubic feet per second to 241,000 cubic feet per second (0.85 to 6,820 cubic meters per second), are analyzed graphically.